国外景观人类学的学术脉络与研究进展

The Academic Lineage and Research Progress of Landscape Anthropology Abroad

要辨明和把握国外景观人类学的学术特点和发展走向,比较可靠的办法是梳理其学术发展脉络。20世纪八九十年代景观人类学的崛起,是人类学内外多学科理论方法互鉴、交融和发展的结果。其与20世纪70年代以来西方人类学被广泛运用于人文社科领域有关,是对较早开展景观研究的考古、人文地理等人类学学科内外关于景观社会文化层面研究的拓展。其研究进展集中体现在21世纪以来,一方面,它通过对遗产、旅游休闲、流动与移动、语言与符号、媒介等21世纪重要社会文化现象和新兴领域的研究,展现出颇具影响的学术创造力;另一方面,跨学科理论方法的综合运用得到进一步拓展,特别是对现象学和文化地理学的借鉴吸纳,使其跨学科风格凸显。尽管国外景观人类学至今尚未形成公认的研究范式,但其基本的人类学风格不变,在此基础上的跨学科趋势已然不可逆。展望未来,这种跨学科的开放包容性,使它具有面对发展机遇和挑战的潜力和韧性,在景观概念理解、景观研究维度和景观研究社会应用等多学科共识层面,表现出较明显的学科优势。

To identify and grasp the academic characteristics and development trend of landscape anthropology abroad,a more reliable way is to sort out its academic development lineage.From the context of its academic development,it is found that the rise of anthropology in the 1980s and 1990s is the result of the mutual learning,integration and development of theories and methods of multiple disciplines inside and outside anthropology.It is related to the extensive application of western anthropology in the field of humanities and social sciences since the 1970s,and is an expansion of the researches on the socio-cultural dimension of landscape,both inside and outside anthropology disciplines such as archaeology and human geography,which had earlier carried out landscape studies.The research progress of landscape anthropology has been concentrated since the 21st century.On the one hand,it has demonstrated its influential academic creativity through the study of important social and cultural phenomena and emerging fields in the 21st century,such as heritage,tourism and leisure,mobility and movement,language and symbols,and media.On the other hand,the comprehensive application of interdisciplinary theoretical methods has been further expanded,especially the reference to phenomenology and cultural geography,which makes his interdisciplinary style prominent.Although landscape anthropology abroad has not yet formed a recognized research paradigm,its basic anthropological style remains unchanged,and the interdisciplinary trend on this basis has been irreversible.Looking ahead,this interdisciplinary openness and inclusiveness makes it have the potential and resilience to face development opportunities and challenges,and shows obvious disciplinary advantages at the level of multidisciplinary consensus on the understanding of the concept of landscape,the dimensions of landscape research and social application of landscape research.