人工智能的应用是缓解人口老龄化问题中的作用机理——基于省级面板数据的实证研究

Mechanism to Alleviate the Aging of the Population Via the Application of Artificial Intelligence——An Empirical Study Based on Provincial Panel Data

基于中国省级面板数据,通过研究人口老龄化如何影响人工智能应用及人工智能应用如何影响劳动力市场,考察在短期内,人工智能应用缓解人口老龄化不利冲击的作用机制。研究结果表明:人口老龄化是人工智能发展的诱因;人工智能应用可以改善劳动力市场,进而缓解人口老龄化对经济的不利冲击。其作用路径主要包括三个方面:一是人工智能应用促进劳动力就业规模增加,使处于竞争劣势或被淘汰的劳动力获得新的就业机会,具有“赋能与人”的属性;二是人工智能应用可以优化劳动力就业结构,即通过替代中技能劳动力,创造高技能就业岗位,增加高技能劳动力需求实现;三是人工智能的应用能够提高劳动生产率,进而应对老龄化冲击。

Based on the provincial panel data of China,this paper studies the mechanism of action of AI applications to mitigate the adverse shocks of population aging in the short term by examining how population aging affects AI applications and how AI applications affect the labor market.The results go as the following:population aging is the incentive for the development of artificial intelligence;Ai applications can improve the labor market,which in turn can mitigate the adverse economic shocks of an aging population.Its action path mainly includes three aspects:First,the application of artificial intelligence can promotes the increase of labor employment scale,so that the labor force at a competitive disadvantage or the eliminated labor force can obtain new employment opportunities,and has the attribute of“empowering people”;Second,the application of artificial intelligence can optimize the employment structure of the labor force,that is,replacing the medium-skilled labor force,creating high-skilled jobs and increasing the demand for high-skilled labor;Third,the application of artificial intelligence can improve labor productivity,and then cope with the impact of aging.