煤液化沥青组成结构研究进展

Research progress on composition and structure of coal liquefied pitch

煤液化沥青中含50%的重质油和沥青类物质,主要由多环稠环芳烃组成。煤液化沥青是制备炭材料的优质前驱体,其组成结构特征的深入认识是开发高附加值产品的关键。本文综述了煤液化沥青组成结构及分析方法的研究进展,指出了煤液化沥青组成结构的研究常采用元素分析、红外吸收光谱及核磁共振等方法得到平均分子模型的结构参数,进而构建结构模型来描述沥青的化学结构组成,揭示煤液化沥青组成结构的基本单元为富含杂原子和烷基侧链的稠环芳烃。近些年,超高分辨质谱技术的出现成为分析复杂有机化合物体系分子组成的有力工具,已被应用于从分子层面选择性分析沥青中极性化合物的组成,未来将有可能成为分析煤液化沥青组成结构的主要手段。

Coal liquefied pitch contains 50% heavy oil and asphaltic substance, mainly composed of polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, which are high-quality precursors for carbon materials.Mastering the composition and structural characteristics of coal liquefaction pitch will benefit the development of high-value-added products.This paper summarizes the research progress of composition structures and analysis methods of coal liquefied pitch.It is pointed out that the commonly used research methods are primarily elemental analyzer, Fourier transform infrared(FTIR),nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) spectroscopy, and other analysis techniques to obtain the structural parameters of the average molecules, and further to construct average molecular structure models to describe the chemical structure of pitch.These models reveal that the basic unit of coal liquefied pitch structure is polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons linked to alkyl side chains containing heteroatoms.In recent years, the ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry(U-HRMS) has become a powerful tool for analyzing the molecular composition of complex mixtures and has been applied to selectively analyze the composition of polar compounds in pitch at the molecular level.It may become the main technique to analyze the composition and structure of coal liquefied pitch in the future.