纤维复材仿生设计及曲面多点成形柔性制造研究进展

Research advances in biomimetic design and multi-point forming flexible manufacturing for curved surface of fiber composites

纤维复合材料凭借其比强度高、比模量大、可设计性强等特点,在航空航天、轨道交通等领域应用越来越广泛。随着对纤维复材构件性能需求的提高,通过调控材料成分实现纤维复合材料性能的提升已到瓶颈,且传统纤维复材构件的制造技术也难以满足“多品种、小批量”的纤维复材曲面构件精准成形的制造需求。针对这些问题,吉林大学“多点成形柔性智造”团队基于仿生设计理念,将自然界的生物结构特征应用于纤维复材构件的优化设计中,研发了仿螳螂虾螺旋纤维正弦结构层合板、仿螳螂虾玄武岩纤维增强夹层结构复合材料、仿生层压玄武岩纤维增强复合材料、双螺旋玄武岩纤维增强复合材料)、仿生双螺旋纤维金属层压板和仿生正弦波纹螺旋夹层结构蜂窝板,实现了材料性能的提高,并通过多点柔性成形技术成功制造了碳纤维复合材料机翼蒙皮,开发了复材曲面构件多点柔性精准成形新装备和新技术。

Fiber composites are widely uesd in aerospace,rail transportation and other fields due to their high specific strength,high spe-cific modulus,strong designability and other characteristics.With the increasing demand for the performance of fiber composite compo-nents,achieving the enhancement of the performance of fiber composites through the regulating of the material composition has reached the bottleneck,and the manufacturing technology of traditional fiber composite components is also difficult to meet the“multi-species,small batch”of fiber composite curved components precision forming manufacturing needs.In response to these problems,based on the concept of biomimetic design,the“Multi-point Forming Flexible Smart Manufacturing”team of Jilin University applied the biological structural characteristics of nature to the optimal design of fiber composite components,and developed a novel dactyl-inspired helical-fiber sinusoid-al-structure laminate(HSL),a novel dactyl-inspired basalt fiber-reinforced sandwich-structural composite(BFSC),a biomimetic lami-nated basalt fiber-reinforced composite(BL-BFRC),a double-twisted basalt fiber-reinforced composite(DT-BFRC),a bioinspired Janus fiber metal laminate(BJFML)and a dactyl-inspired sinusoidal-corrugated helicoidal sandwich-structural honeycomb(DSHSH),which realized the improvement of material performance.The carbon fiber composite wing skin was successfully manufactured by multi-point flexi-ble forming technology,and new equipment and technology of multi-point flexible and accurate forming of composite curved components were developed.