里尔克的性欲书写与弗洛伊德精神分析的启示

On Rilke’s Writing of Sexual Desire and Inspiration of Freud’s Psychoanalysis

里尔克以性欲书写关注现代人的身心感受,借弗洛伊德精神分析以丰富文学创作。其性欲书写得益于从尼采肯定性欲的生命哲学和弗洛伊德的幼儿性欲理论中所获得的启示。与里尔克亦师亦友的莎乐美向他传授尼采与弗氏的共同观点:批评基督教禁欲的道德观和反自然的唯灵论。她还与里尔克展开精神分析式谈话,帮他战胜创作危机,鼓励他进行性欲书写。里尔克在《杜伊诺哀歌》第三首和《七首诗》(即《阳具颂》)等典型诗文中赞美性欲、生命力和此在的幸福,颇具代表性地践行了性欲书写。

Rilke is concerned with the physical and mental feelings of modern people through his writing of sexual desire. In this way, he enriched his writing with Freud’s psychoanalysis. His writing of sexual desire benefited from Nietzsche’s life philosophy with affirmation of sexual desire and Freud’s theory about infantile sexual desire. His mentor and friend Salomé introduced him to the same opinions of Nietzsche and Freud: criticizing the moral concept of abstinence of Christianity and anti-natural spiritualism. She conducted psychoanalytic and therapeutic conversations with Rilke, helped him to overcome spiritual perplexity, and encouraged him to write about sexual desire. This paper analyzes mainly, how he praised sexual desire, vitality and happiness in the present world in his typical poems such as the third poem in his Duineser Elegien(Elegies in Duines )and Sieben Gedichte ( Seven Poems, Hymns to the Penis ).