民族主义与世界主义之间:柏林浪漫派共同体书写初探

Between Nationalism and Cosmopolitanism:A Preliminary Exploration of the Community-Writing by Berlin Romanticism

活跃于19世纪初德意志思想舞台的柏林浪漫派对共同体的理论建构与文学书写做出过重要贡献。政治哲学家亚当·米勒在1809年出版的《治国术》中提出了强调整体性、自然性和历史性的共同体理论主张,而柏林浪漫派作家既或隐或显地对民族共同体展开文学想象,又通过交谊结社为实现民族共同体开展政治实践。在他们的共同体书写中,除以往大多数研究所确认的民族主义内涵外,还存在重要的世界主义维度:相关作家并不囿于民族国家疆界,而是在世界范围内思考民族共同体的建构和与文化他者的共生问题——民族独立、帝国殖民、和谐共存等多重欲望在此纠缠交错,民族主义与世界主义也因此并非变奏关系,而是呈现出了间性特征。

The Berlin Romanticism, active on the German intellectual stage in the early nineteenth century, has made important contributions to the theoretical construction and literary writing of community. The political philosopher Adam Müller put forward a theory of community that emphasized wholeness, naturalness and historicity in his The Elements of Statecraft , published in 1809, while Berlin Romantic writers both implicitly or explicitly developed a literary imagination of the national community and a political practice of realizing the national community through Geselligkeit . In their writing on community, in addition to nationalism recognized by most previous studies, there is also an important dimension of cosmopolitanism: writers do not confine themselves to the boundaries of the nation, but think about the construction of the national community and the symbiosis with the cultural other in a global context, where multiple desires for harmonious coexistence, national independence and imperial colonization are entangled, and where nationalism and cosmopolitanism are not variations, but “in-betweenness”.