策略与力量:商业主体在人工智能军事化进程中的作用及影响

Strategy and Power:The Role and Impact of Commercial Entities in the Militarization Process of Artificial Intelligence

人工智能军事化中商业主体的参与是一个重要而特殊的现象。这一新式主体不仅充分参与到人工智能军事领域的研发、应用和部署的全过程,而且对国防能力的提升和国家战略的部署起到重要作用,影响一国人工智能军事化进程的整体走向。对美国、俄罗斯、以色列和法国的案例分析表明,商业主体在军事化结构和进程中的不同作用塑造了各国人工智能军事化节奏和结构的不同特征,并影响国家国防军事能力和部署能力创新的效果。国家需要根据自身的实际情况,调整与商业主体之间的关系,在弥补传统国防工业系统中的短板、激发军事系统活力的同时,引导商业战略与国家安全战略二者和谐互动,共同为负责任的人工智能军事应用做出贡献。

The involvement of commercial entities in the militarization of artificial intelligence(AI)is an important and special phenomenon.These new actors do not only fully participate in the entire process of research development,application,and deployment in military AI,but also play a significant role in enhancing defense capabilities and strategic deployment of countries,affecting the overall direction of the militarization process of AI in a state.Case studies from the Unit⁃ed States,Russia,Israel,and France show that the different roles of commercial entities in the military structure and process have shaped each state’s AI militari⁃zation pace differently,and have impacted the innovation in national defense military capabilities and deployment strategies.States need to adjust their rela⁃tionships with commercial entities according to their actual circumstances,com⁃plementing the shortcomings of the traditional defense industry system and stim⁃ulating the vitality of the military system,while guiding a harmonious interaction between commercial strategies and national security strategies,so as to jointly contributer to a responsible applications of military AI.