犬髌骨脱位诊疗的研究进展

Research progress in diagnosis and treatment of patellar dislocation in dogs

随着养犬人数的不断增多,犬类疾病诊疗逐渐成为兽医领域的研究热点。犬髌骨脱位是兽医临床较为常见的一种遗传病,分为髌骨内侧脱位和外侧脱位两种,其中髌骨内侧脱位是该病的多发类型,且以小型纯种犬居多,近些年中大型犬的发病率也呈上升趋势;髌骨外侧脱位类型则多见于中大型犬。目前,临床触诊结合X射线是犬髌骨脱位常用临床诊断方式,需要根据髌骨脱位等级制定临床治疗方式,包括保守疗法和手术疗法。由于髌骨脱位等级和治疗方法的不同,该病的预后也存在差异,且鉴于该病的高发病率,早期预防显得尤为重要。笔者参考国内外相关研究报道和临床案例,对犬髌骨脱位的分类、分级、病因、诊断、治疗、预后和预防方面的研究进展进行了综述,旨在为该病的进一步研究提供理论参考。

With the increasing number of dog breeders,the diagnosis and treatment of canine diseases have gradually become a research hotspot in the field of veterinary medicine.Canine patellar dislocation is a common genetic disease in veterinary clinics,which can be divided into medial patellar dislocation and lateral patellar dislocation.The medial patellar dislocation is the common type of the disease,mostly found in small purebred dogs,and the incidence in medium and large dogs is also on the rise in recent years.The type of lateral patellar dislocation is more common in medial to large dogs.At present,clinical palpation combined with X-ray is the common clinical diagnosis of patellar dislocation in dogs,and clinical treatment,including conservative therapy and surgical therapy,needs to be formulated according to the grade of patellar dislocation.The prognosis of patellar dislocation varies according to the grade of the dislocation and the treatment method,and early prevention is particularly important in view of the high incidence of the disease.The author reviewed the classification,gradation,etiology,diagnosis,treatment,prognosis and prevention of canine patella dislocation by referring to relevant domestic and foreign research reports and clinical cases,in order to provide theoretical reference for further study of the disease.