我国针灸学科专业学位设置的政策进程——基于多源流理论视域的分析

The Policy Process of Setting up Professional Degree in Acupuncture and Moxibustion in China--An Analysis Based on the Multiple Streams Theory

作为中医学代表性的应用学科,针灸在新一轮学科专业目录调整中成为专业学位类别,分析这一学科地位升格的政策生产过程具有重要的意义。运用多源流理论探析政策变迁机理发现:问题源流中西医对针灸知识合法性的质疑、多国学术话语权争夺,以及研究范式转向中科学知识与中医理论的潜在冲突深度构建了学科升格议题;政策源流中学术共同体的推进与已有政策合集的“累积势能”催生学科调整的内外条件;政治源流中党政意志与社会关注构成推动学科升格的关键动力。国际层面的针灸发展状况对我国学科调整政策具有间接反推作用。三源流耦合促使政策之窗开启,而最终的学科升格结果具有浓厚的政策试验意味。未来针灸学科的发展需要进一步厘清学科知识边界、加强跨学科交叉研究,通过临床疗效增进社会的广泛认同。

As a representative applied discipline in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),the science of acupuncture and moxibustion discipline has become a branch of learning that can award a professional degree in the new round of adjusting the catalogue of disciplines and specialties.It is of great analytical interest to examine the policy process of upgrading this discipline's status.With the multiple streams theory,this article finds:in the problem streams,the challenge raised by the western medicine towards the legitimacy of knowledge in acupuncture and moxibustion,multinational academic discourse power competition,and potential conflicts between scientific knowledge and TCM theory in the shift of research paradigms contribute to constructing the topic of upgrading this discipline;in the policy streams,the advancement of academic community and the"cumulative potential energy"of existing policy collection give rise to the internal and external conditions of this disciplinary adjustment;in the political streams,the will of political parties and government,together with social concerns become the key driving force to accelerate the discipline upgrading.Additionally,the international development of acupuncture and moxibustion indirectly promotes the discipline policies in China.The three streams collaborate to open the policy window and result in the discipline upgrading that embodies policy experimentation.The development in the discipline of acupuncture and moxibustion in future needs to further clarify the boundary of discipline knowledge,strengthen interdisciplinary research and promote wider recognition of society through clinical efficacy.