黎平侗语比较结构研究

On Comparative Structures of Dong Language in Liping

黎平侗语的比较结构比较丰富,主要有差比结构、等比结构和极比结构三类。语义上有四种关系,即“优胜”义、“不如”义、“等同”义和“最高”义。结构上,比较结构逐渐进入到句子中,置于比较主体和比较基准之间。语序上有四种,其中前面两种为固有的语序,后者为借用的语序。黎平侗语的比较标记有两个类型,即固有的比较标记和借用的比较标记。固有的比较结构均由实义动词语法化而来,分别为“有”和“过”。语法化路径为:实义动词>辅助动词>比较标记。借用的比较结构是借用汉语西南官话的结构形式,通过拷贝形式体现出来。通过跨语言比较,壮侗语族比较结构的语序具有类型学上的共性,比较标记的来源具有一致性。

The comparative structures of Dong language in Liping are rich.There are mainly three kinds of structures:differential,equal and polar.From their semantic relations,there are four kinds of meanings,namely"superior","inferior","equal"and"highest".Structurally,the comparative structure gradually enters the sentence,placed between the subject of comparison and the basis of comparison.There are four kinds of word orders,two of them are inherent,while the others are borrowed.There are two types of comparative marks in Liping Dong language,that is,inherent and borrowed.The inherent comparative structures are grammaticalized from the content verbs,which are"YOU(有)"and"GUO(过)",and the grammaticalized path is:content verbs>auxiliary verbs>comparison markers.The comparative structure of borrowing is reflected by directly applying the structural form of Southwest Mandarin in Chinese.Through cross linguistic comparison,the word order of the Zhuang Dong language family has typological commonalities,and the sources of comparative markers are consistent.