不同果园免套袋‘红富士’苹果果实性状、商品率及农药残留的比较

Comparative on Fruit Traits,Commodity Rate and Pesticide Residues of Bag-free‘Red Fuji’Apples in Different Orchards

2022年10月11—13日,作者对洛川县具有代表性的7个免套袋苹果园进行苹果免套袋技术调研,分析对比不同果园免套袋‘红富士’苹果果实性状、商品率、农药残留量的差别。结果表明,果型指数,槐柏洼里矮砧园最高,显著高于陕果矮砧园8.43%;果面色度,试验场乔砧园最差,为157.64,显著低于其他所有果园,特别是该场矮砧园果面色度最高,为380.00,比试验场乔砧园高1.41倍;果实硬度,3个矮砧园(陕果矮砧园、槐柏洼里矮砧园、试验场矮砧园)均高于其他所有果园,其中试验场矮砧园最高(7.59 kg/cm^(2)),比试验场乔砧园(6.72 kg/cm^(2))高12.96%;可溶性固形物含量,槐柏洼里矮砧园最高(15.55%),试验场乔砧园最低(13.11%),而试验场矮砧园可溶性固形物含量虽然较低(14.10%),但比试验场乔砧园高0.99%。说明矮砧‘红富士’苹果这3项指标均高于乔砧‘红富士’苹果。商品果率,轩乐短枝园最高(76.75%),其次为陕果矮砧园(72.66%),最低的是绿佳乔砧园(51.11%),似乎是短枝园商品果率高于矮砧园,矮砧园又高于乔砧园。但这个结论不好下,因为没有栽培管理一致性的依据。轩乐短枝园‘红富士’苹果检测12项农药残留量均未超标,实现农药无残留。建议在免套袋苹果生产中要选择着色好的优新品种;提高土壤有机质含量;选择高光效树形和合理整形修剪;无害化病虫害防控,并做好桃小食心虫的预测、预报及防治;促进果实着色,提高果面光洁度。

From October 11 to 13,2022,the author conducted a survey on apple bag-free technology have representative seven bag-free apple orchards in Luochuan County.The differences in fruit traits,commodity rate and pesticide residues measure of bag-free‘Red Fuji’apples in different orchards were analyzed and compared.The results showed that the fruit shape index was the highest in the dwarf anvil orchard in Huaibai Wali,which was significantly higher than that in the dwarf anvil orchard of Shanguo 8.43%;Fruit surface chromaticity,the Experimental Field Qiao anvil orchard was the worst,157.64,significantly lower than all other orchards,especially the Experimental Field dwarf anvil orchard had the highest fruit face chromaticity,380.00,1.41 times higher than the Experimental Field Qiao anvil orchard;Fruit hardness,3 dwarf anvil orchards(Shanguo dwarf anvil orchard,Huaibai Wali dwarf anvil orchard,Experimental Field dwarf anvil orchard)were higher than all other orchards;Among them,the dwarf anvil orchard of the experimental field was the highest(7.59 kg/cm^(2)),which was 12.96%higher than that the experimental field Qiao anvil orchard on the experimental site(6.72 kg/cm^(2)).Soluble solids content,the Huaibai Wali dwarf anvil orchard was highest(15.55%),and the Experim-ental Field Qiao anvil orchard was lowest(13.11%),while the soluble solids content in the dwarf anvil orchard of the Experimental Field was lower(14.10%),but 0.99%higher than that of the Experimental Field Qiao anvil orchard.This indicates that the three indicators of dwarf stock‘Red Fuji’apples were all higher than those of Qiao anvil‘Red Fuji’apples.Commodity rate,the Xuanle short branch orchard was highest(76.75%),followed by Shaanguo Dwarf anvil orchard(72.66%),the lowest is Lvjia Qiao Anvil Orchard(51.11%),it seems that the commodity rate of short branch orchards were higher than those of dwarf anvil orchards,and dwarf anvil orchards were higher than those of Qiao anvil orchards.But this conclusion was not good to go down because there was basis for no cultivation management consistency.The 12 pesticide residues measure tested by‘Red Fuji’apples of Xuanle short branch orchard did not exceed the standard,and realize pesticide residue free.It is recommended to chose new superiox varieties with good coloring prevention and control of peach small carnioroue heart insects;in the production of bag-free apples;Increase the content of soil organic matter;Choose high light efficiency tree shape and reasonable shaping prune;Harmless pest and disease prevention and control,as well as prediction,prediction,and prevention of peach fruit borers;Promote fruit coloring,and improve fruit surface finish.