吴茱萸枝屑代料栽培榆黄蘑的潜力评价

Potentiality evaluation of Pleurotus citrinopileatus cultivation with Tetradium ruticarpum branch sawdust

【目的】开展吴茱萸(Tetradium ruticarpum)枝屑栽培食用菌的潜力评价,对延伸吴茱萸产业链和加快吴茱萸枝条降解具有重要意义,也为吴茱萸枝条的高效利用提供参考依据。【方法】以食用菌中栽培周期较短的榆黄蘑(Pleurotus citrinopileatus)为试验菌株,通过测定和分析吴茱萸枝屑、杂木屑和棉籽壳的营养成分,以杂木屑配方(CK1)和棉籽壳配方(CK2)为对照,探讨以吴茱萸枝屑代替CK1中20%(处理1)、40%(处理2)、60%(处理3)、80%(处理4)和100%(处理5)的杂木屑栽培榆黄蘑对其农艺性状、菌包基质降解和经济效益的影响,综合评价吴茱萸枝屑栽培榆黄蘑效果。【结果】吴茱萸枝屑的纤维素、半纤维素和木质素含量与杂木屑的无显著差异(P>0.05,下同),但其半纤维素和木质素含量分别比棉籽壳的低39.64%和16.55%;粗蛋白含量是杂木屑的4.25倍和棉籽壳的1.91倍,碳氮比是杂木屑的0.24倍和棉籽壳的0.55倍;在杂木屑中未检测到硒,而吴茱萸枝屑的硒含量是棉籽壳的7.69倍。吴茱萸枝屑代替杂木屑栽培榆黄蘑,虽然增加了投入,但对菌丝萌发时间、长势、采收时间影响小,且能加快采后恢复,显著增加产量、原料利用率和经济效益,在处理3、4、5时菌丝生长速率显著加快,菌包成活率达到100%,处理4和处理5时菌丝生长速率与CK2的无显著差异;生物学转化率在处理2、3、4、5时高于CK2,以处理4最好,但每包总鲜质量还是显著低于CK2;综合出菇率在处理3至处理4时高于CK1和CK2;菌包降解程度在处理4时最高,原料利用率为71.88%、纤维素降解率为78.08%、半纤维素降解率为86.38%、木质素降解率为71.18%;经济效益以处理4最好,显著好于CK1,相对CK2每包收益只少0.03元,且能显著降低投入、提高投入产出率。【结论】吴茱萸枝屑是一种比杂木屑和棉籽壳富含粗蛋白、硒的原材料,可代替纯杂木屑和纯棉籽壳栽培榆黄蘑,80%代替杂木屑的量可保证菌包成活率,还有较高的菌丝生长速率、产量、第4潮出菇率、高的原料降解率和经济收益,是一种很好的食用菌原料,具体配方为:吴茱萸枝屑62.4%(质量分数,下同)、杂木屑15.6%、麦麸20.0%、石灰1.0%、石膏1.0%。

【Objective】This study assesses the potential of using Tetradium ruticarpum branch sawdust for cultivating edible mushrooms.The research is significant for extending the T.ruticarpum industry chain and expediting branch degradation.It also offers a reference for efficient utilization of T.ruticarpum branches.【Method】The Pleurotus citrinopileatus,known for its short cultivation cycle,was chosen as the experimental strain.The nutritional content of T.ruticarpum branch sawdust,mixed wood sawdust and cottonseed hulls was analyzed.Tests involved replacing 20%(treatment 1),40%(treatment 2),60%(treatment 3),80%(treatment 4)and 100%(treatment 5)of the mixed wood sawdust with T.ruticarpum branch sawdust.The effects on agronomic traits,fungus bag substrate degradation,and economic benefits in cultivating P.citrinopileatus were examined,comparing with the mixed wood sawdust(CK1)and cottonseed hulls(CK2)formulations.【Result】The cellulose,hemicellulose and lignin contents of T.ruticarpum sawdust were comparable to those of mixed wood sawdust(P>0.05),but its hemicellulose and lignin contents were 39.64%and 16.55%lower than those of cottonseed hulls.Its crude protein content was 4.25 times and 1.91 times that of mixed wood and cottonseed hulls,respectively.Its carbon-nitrogen ratio was 0.24 and 0.55 times that of the two.Selenium was not detected in mixed wood.Selenium content in T.ruticarpum sawdust was 7.69 times that of cottonseed hulls.Using T.ruticarpum sawdust increased inputs but had minimal impact on mycelium germination,growth and harvest times.It accelerated post-harvest recovery,significantly boosted yield,substrate utilization and economic benefits.Higher mycelial growth rates and fungus bag survival rates of 100%were observed in treatments 3,4 and 5,with no significant differences compared to CK2 in treatments 4 and 5.Biological efficiency was higher in treatments 2,3,4 and 5 than that of CK2,with treatment 4 yielding the best results.However,the total fresh weight was significantly lower than that of CK2.Fruiting rate higher than CK1 and CK2 was observed in treatments 3 and 4.Substrate degradation was the highest in treatment 4,with substrate utilization at 71.88%,cellulose degradation at 78.08%,hemicellulose degradation at 86.38%,and lignin degradation at 71.18%.Treatment 4 also showed the best economic performance,significantly better than CK1,and nearly equivalent to CK2,with only 0.03 yuan lower in profit per bag.It significantly reduced inputs and improved input-output ratio.【Conclusion】The T.ruticarpum branch sawdust is a material richer in crude protein and selenium than mixed wood sawdust and cottonseed hulls,and can replace pure mixed wood sawdust and pure cottonseed hulls for cultivating P.citrinopileatus.Replacing 80%of the mixed wood sawdust can guarantee a good survival rate of fungal packages and also a relatively high mycelial growth rate,yield,fourth flush yield rate,high material degradation and economic performance.It is a excellent edible fungi raw material,with a specific formulation of 62.4%(mass fraction,the same below)T.ruticarpum branch sawdust,15.6%mixed wood sawdust,20.0%wheat bran,1.0%lime,and 1.0%gypsum.