月表温度和地形对科研站选址的影响

Effects of lunar surface temperature and topography on outpost location selection

月球极区具有独特的地理特征和潜在的水冰资源,是未来月球科学探测和基地建设的优选区域。但月球极地具有太阳光照条件差异显著、月地直接通信范围有限、月表温度变化幅度大、地势陡峭等特点,对选址研究提出了巨大挑战。定量化地研究月球极地相对宜居区的温度和地形分布,对于深入探索月球极地具有重要意义。利用月球勘测轨道器(LRO)上搭载的激光高度计(LOLA)和辐射计(Diviner)的观测数据产品,建立了一种月球相对宜居区的评估方法;并以月球南极为目标选取了典型的相对宜居区,对相对宜居区内的表面温度的日变化和季节变化特征进行了研究,分析对比了各相对宜居区的地形坡度、表面粗糙度和地形高度分布等情况。其中区域A(Scott M附近)地处月球南极的相对高地(约3~7 km),坡度(中位数为8°)和表面粗糙度(小于2 m)适中;区域B(de Gerlache附近)最靠近南极中心,太阳可见度可高达0.8,坡度较陡(中位数为12.4°),表面粗糙度适中(小于2 m);区域C(Amundsen附近)的地势最低(约-1.8~-0.5 km),太阳可见度(小于0.6)和地球可见度(小于0.5)最小,地形坡度最缓(中位数为5.4°),但是有约26%的区域表面粗糙度大于3 m。夏季夜晚,区域B和区域A内局部温度可分别超过0℃和-20℃,具有相对较好的温度环境,可作为潜在的选址区域。

With unique geographical characteristics and potential water ice resources,the lunar polar regions become the preferred areas for future lunar scientific exploration and base construction.However,at the lunar polar regions,differences in solar illumination conditions,limits for the direct earth communication,large variation range of lunar surface temperature and steep terrains,pose great challenges to the site selection research.It is of great significance to quantitatively study the temperature and topography distribution of the lunar polar regions.A method for evaluating the relative habitable zone on the moon was developed by using the observations of the laser altimeter(LOLA)and radiometer(Diviner)on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter(LRO).Typical relative habitable zones were selected,taking the lunar south pole as the target.And the characteristics of the diurnal and seasonal variations of the surface temperature of these zones were analyzed.Moreover,the distributions of terrain slope,surface roughness and terrain height in these regions were compared.Region A(around Scott M)is located on the relative highlands of the lunar south pole(about 3 to 7km)with moderate slope(median value of 8°)and surface roughness(less than 2m).Region B(near de Gerlache)is the closest to the center of the south pole,with sun visibility up to 0.8,relative steep slope(median value of 12.4°)and moderate surface roughness(less than 2m).Region C(around Amundsen)has the lowest terrain(about-1.8 to-0.5km),the minimum sun visibility(less than 0.6)and earth visibility(less than 0.5),and the gentlest topographic slope(median value of 5.4°),whereas approximate 26%areas possessed a surface roughness greater than 3 m.In summer night,the temperatures of partial areas in region B and region A can be higher than 0℃and-20℃,respectively,indicating relatively ideal environment for outpost sites in future lunar missions.