债权执行中次债务人保护机制之再审视

Re-examination of the Protection Mechanism for Sub-debtors in Claims Enforcement

次债务人在债权执行中不具有统一的法律地位,债权的变价方式与债权执行的进行阶段都会影响次债务人的地位与对次债务人的保护要求。查封债权时,次债务人为协助执行人;拍卖、变卖、抵债变价中,次债务人始终为协助执行人;划拨变价中,次债务人的划拨义务为一种协助执行义务,不履行划拨义务时则成为被执行人;收取变价中,债权确认之前,次债务人身份类似于或者等同于诉讼中的被告,债权确认之后,次债务人则为被执行人。对次债务人的实体保护基于对债权性质与债权要素的尊重。对次债务人的程序保护则应基于次债务人在程序中的地位进行分别安排。

Sub-debtors do not have a unified legal status in the enforcement of claims,and the way of realizing claims and the stage of the enforcement of claims will affect the status of sub-debtors and the protection requirements for sub-debtors.In the seizure of the claim,the secondary debtor is an assisting executor;in the auction,sale and set-off realization,the secondary debtor is always an assisting executor;in the allocation of the realization,the secondary debtor's obligation to allocate is a kind of assisting the execution of the obligation,and if it fails to fulfill the obligation to allocate,it will become an executor;in the collection of the realization,the status of the secondary debtor before the confirmation of the claim is similar or equivalent to the defendant in the litigation,and after the confirmation of the claim,the secondary debtor is the executor.The substantive protection of the sub-debtor is based on respect for the nature and elements of the claim.The procedural protection of the sub-debtor should be organized separately on the basis of the sub-debtor's position in the proceedings.