2013—2022年重庆市巴南片区新发现HIV/AIDS病例特征分析

Analysis of the Characteristics of Newly Discovered HIV/AIDS Cases Banan District in Chongqing from 2013 to 2022

目的:了解重庆市巴南片区2013—2022年新发现人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)/艾滋病(AIDS)病例的变化趋势和流行病学特征,为相关部门制定防控策略提供参考依据。方法:在重庆市艾滋病检测系统及巴南区艾滋病确证信息报告系统中,收集2013—2022年巴南片区新发现HIV/AIDS病例的流行病学特征信息,并进行统计学分析。结果:2013—2022年重庆市巴南片区新发现HIV/AIDS病例6077例,病例数呈逐年上升趋势,年均增长率为13.21%;45岁以上人群新发现病例的占比呈明显上升趋势,年均增长率为24.97%;病例以男性为主,男女性别比为2.43∶1;婚姻状况以已婚为主,占51.69%;文化程度以小学及文盲为主,占39.66%;职业为农民最多,占35.54%;有55.29%的新发现HIV/AIDS病例是在医疗机构就医时被发现的;主要感染途径是通过异性性传播,占95.06%。结论:目前,重庆市巴南片区防控AIDS最有效的方法是减少人群高危性行为发生。相关部门应加强安全性教育,全面普及宣传AIDS的防治知识,提升居民特别是中老年群体AIDS防治、性健康意识、自我保护能力及风险意识,减少人群高危性行为的发生,增强人群的主动检测意识,扩大检测人群及检测量,从而进一步提升AIDS防治水平。

OBJECTIVE To understand the changing trends and epidemiological characteristics of newly discovered HIV/AIDS cases in Banan District in Chongqing from 2013 to 2022,and to provide reference basis for relevant departments to formulate prevention and control strategies.METHODS In the AIDS detection system in Chongqing and the AIDS confirmation information reporting system in Banan District,the epidemiological characteristics of newly discovered human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS cases in Banan District from 2013 to 2022 were collected and statistically analyzed.RESULTS From 2013 to 2022,6077 new cases of HIV/AIDS were discovered in the Banan area of Chongqing.The number of newly discovered cases had been increasing year by year,with an average annual growth rate of 13.21%.Among them,the average annual growth rate of the population aged 45 and above was 24.97%,and the proportion of newly discovered cases in the population aged 45 and above was showing a significant upward trend.The cases were mainly male,with a male to female ratio of 2.43:l.The marital status was mainly married,accounting for 51.69%.The education level was mainly primary school and illiterate,accounting for 39.66%.Farmers account for the most professions,accounting for 35.54%.55.29% of newly discovered HIV/AIDS cases were found during medical treatment in medical institutions.The main route of infection was through heterosexual transmission,accounting for 95.06%.CONCLUSION At present,reducing the occurrence of high-risk sexual behaviors is the most effective method for HIV/AIDS prevention and control in the Banan area of Chongqing.Relevant departments should strengthen safety education,comprehensively promote HIV/AIDS prevention and control knowledge,enhance residents,especially middle-aged and elderly groups,in terms of HIV/AIDS prevention and control,sexual health awareness,self-protection ability,and risk awareness,reduce the occurrence of high-risk sexual behaviors in the population,improve the awareness of active testing,expand the testing population and testing volume,and further improve the level of HIV/AIDS prevention and control.