2016—2022年天津市河西区水痘流行特征分析

Epidemiological Characteristics of Varicella in Hexi District of Tianjin from 2016 to 2022

目的:了解2016—2022年天津市河西区水痘发病情况和流行特征,为相关部门制定水痘防控措施提供参考依据。方法:在中国疾病预防控制信息系统中选取2016—2022年住址为天津市河西区的水痘病例报告卡,对水痘个案病例进行统计分析。结果:2016—2022年天津市河西区累计报告水痘病例3929例,年均发病率为58.56/10万,不同年份人群发病率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=320.52,P<0.01)。2016—2019年河西区水痘疫情呈上升趋势。河西区水痘发病高峰集中在4—6月和11月—次年1月,2月和7—8月为低谷期。5~9岁年龄段人群水痘发病率最高,不同年龄段人群发病率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=12796.97,P<0.01);2017—2022年河西区0~4岁人群水痘发病率呈下降趋势。学生是河西区水痘发病的主要群体,干部职员、家务及待业等人群水痘发病比例逐年增加。结论:2016—2022年天津市河西区水痘疫情总体呈现上升趋势,0~4岁年龄段人群水痘发病率明显下降,成年人在总水痘报告病例中的占比逐年增加。相关部门应将小学作为监测重点,在水痘高发期加强学校室内消毒通风;应加大对成年人群水痘疫情的关注,必要时接种水痘疫苗,从而降低水痘带来的疾病负担。

OBJECTIVE To investigate the incidence and epidemic characteristics of varicella in Hexi District of Tianjin from 2016 to 2022,so as to provide reference for relevant departments to formulate varicella prevention and control measures.METHODS Reported cards of the varicella cases with addresses in Hexi District of Tianjin from 2016 to 2022 were selected from the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System to conduct statistical analysis of varicella cases.RESULTS A total of 3929 cases of varicella were reported in Hexi District from 2016 to 2022,with an average annual incidence of 58.56/105.The incidence of varicella in different years was significantly different(χ^(2)=320.52,P<0.01).From 2016 to 2019,the incidence of varicella in Hexi District showed an increasing trend.The peak of varicella incidence in Hexi district was concentrated from April to June and from November to January of the next year,and the trough period was in February and July to August.The highest incidence rate was found in the 5~9 year old group,and there was significant difference in incidence among different age groups(χ^(2)=12796.97,P<0.01).The incidence of varicella in 0~4 year age group showed a decreasing trend from 2017 to 2022.Students were the main group,and the proportion of employed people,household staff and unemployed people was increasing year by year.CONCLUSION The incidence of varicella in Hexi District has been on the rise from 2016 to 2022,but decreased significantly in the 0~4 year age group.The proportion of reported varicella cases in adults has increased yearly.Relevant departments should take primary schools as the focus of monitoring and strengthen indoor disinfection and ventilation during the high incidence of varicella.More attention should be paid to the varicella epidemic in the adult population,and varicella vaccine should be given to reduce the disease burden caused by varicella if necessary.