甘肃安西极干旱荒漠国家级自然保护区普氏野马感染马胃蝇蛆病调查与防治

Investigation and Control of Gasterophilus spp.Inffection on Equus ferus in Gansu Anxi Extreme-arid Desert National Nature Reserve

为了解当前甘肃安西极旱荒漠国家级自然保护区内普氏野马Equus ferus感染马胃蝇Gasterophilus spp.幼虫的情况,掌握用药后普氏野马排虫动态和防治效果,研究人员于2020-2022年期间对死亡的5匹普氏野马进行了病理解剖统计马胃蝇幼虫感染数量;2022年11月对普氏野马群体进行驱虫保健,对5个群体进行随机抽样采集粪便幼虫,对1个群体进行全过程采集所有粪便幼虫,统计其幼虫数量,并利用数学模型对普氏野马马胃蝇排虫率与用药时间进行拟合分析,建立马胃蝇幼虫排出动态模型。结果显示,在尸检的5匹普氏野马中马胃蝇幼虫感染率为100%,最高感染强度为1 858只,胃部寄生的幼虫占到感染幼虫总数的99.5%,幼驹的感染强度<亚成体<成年马;用药后普氏野马平均排虫(26.8±10.8)只/堆(粪便);通过曲线拟合发现,普氏野马在服药后14.6 h左右开始排虫,在56 h时达到排虫高峰,在119.7 h后排虫基本结束,排虫持续105 h。本研究结果为今后普氏野马马胃蝇蛆病的精准施药和有效防控提供技术支撑。

In order to understand the current infection situation of Gasterophilus spp.on Equus ferus in Gansu Anxi Extreme-arid Desert National Nature Reserve,and mastering larvae discharge dynamic and preventive effect of Equus ferus in the post-medication,we conducted pathological autopsies on five dead wild horses from 2020 to 2022 and counted the number of Gasterophilus spp.larva.In November 2022,Gasterophilus spp.larvae were collected and counted from the random fecal samples of 5 Equus ferus populations and all fecal larvae were collected from one population in the whole process after antiparasitic treatment.Besides,the dynamic models of Gasterophilus spp.larvae discharge were established by fitting the number of larvae discharge from the equids after taking insect repellents.The results showed that the infection rate of Gasterophilus spp.larvae was 100%among the five wild horses autopsied,and the highest infection intensity was 1858.The parasitic larvae in the stomach accounted for 99.5% of the total number of infected larvae,and the infection intensity of foals<subadults<adults.The average deworming rate of Equs ferus after treatment is(26.8±10.8)per pile(feces).The curve fitting analyses revealed that larvae discharge of Equus ferus begun around 14.6 hours after taking vermifuge,reached its peak at 56 hrs,and basically ended at 119.7 hrs.The larvae discharge cycle lasted for 105 hrs.The results of this study provide technical support for precise pesticide application and effective prevention and control of Equus ferus gastrointestinal myiasis in the future.