从《广东新语》看清初借词的若干问题

On Several Issues of Loanwords in the Early Qing Dynasty from Guangdong Xinyu

词汇是语言中最为敏感的要素,词语的借用是语言接触最为常见的现象.《广东新语》详细记载了广州及周边地区的经济、文化、民俗等内容,其间使用了不少反映异域概念的借词.这些借词的内容与外交、外贸有关,其产生方式有纯音译式、合璧式、标记式、非标记式等.同实异形现象在借词中较为普遍,这与字形、译介方式的选择等有关.读懂借词,不仅可以为汉语词汇研究提供一手资料,还有助于古籍整理.

Vocabulary is the most sensitive element in language,and loanwords is the most direct manifestation of language contact.Guangdong Xinyu records in detail the economic,cultural and folk customs of Guangzhou and its surrounding areas and uses many loanwords to reflect exotic things.The contents of these loanwords are related to foreign affairs and foreign trade,and the ways of their production are pure transliteration,combination,marking and non-marking.The phenomenon of homonymy is more prevalent in loanwords,which is mainly related to the choice of word form and translation method.Understanding loanwords can not only provide first-hand information for the study of Chinese vocabulary,but also contribute to the collation of ancient books.