论民法典时代污染环境罪法益确定方法的新发展

On the New Development of Methods for Determining the Legal Interestof Environmental Pollution Crime in the Era of Civil Code

当前主要从“刑法之内”或“刑法之外”确定污染环境罪的法益,但这两种法益确定方法本身不冲突且应当综合运用。以“刑法之外”的方法确定本罪法益需要借助法益理论、宪法、刑法外的部门法。民法典时代有必要将确定本罪法益所借助的部门法范围扩张到民法典,需要以法秩序统一原理来筛选、确定本罪法益。借助民法典的规定,可以确定本罪是一种阻挡层法益构造,既保护个人法益也保护生态环境法益,且阻挡层法益是生态环境法益,背后层法益是个人法益。污染环境严重侵害生态环境法益即构成本罪,通过侵害生态环境法益进而严重侵害个人法益也构成本罪,但没有侵害生态环境法益即使严重侵害了个人法益也不能构成本罪。

At present,the legal interest of environmental pollution crime is mainly determined from within or outside thecriminal law,but these two methods of determining the legal interest themselves are not conflicting and should becomprehensively applied.Determining the legal interest of this crime by the method of outside the criminal law,it isnecessary to rely on the theory of legal interest,the Constitution,and departmental laws outside the criminal law.Inthe era of the Civil Code,it is necessary to expand the scope of departmental laws used to determine the legal interestof this crime to the Civil Code,and it is necessary to use the principle of unified legal order to screen and determinethe legal interests of this crime.With the help of the provisions of the Civil Code,it can be determined that this crimeis a construction of blocking layer legal interests,which protects both personal legal interests and ecologicalenvironmental legal interests.The blocking layer legal interests are ecological environmental legal interests,and theunderlying layer legal interests are personal legal interests.The serious infringement of ecological environmentallegal interest by polluting the environment constitutes this crime,and the serious infringement of personal legalinterest by infringing on ecological environmental legal interest also constitutes this crime.However,withoutinfringing on ecological environmental legal interest,even if it seriously infringes on personal legal interest,it cannotconstitute this crime.