安全生产领域公益诉讼启动标准探析——基于《安全生产法》第七十四条第二款的理解与省思

Analysis on Initiation standards for Public Interest Litigation in the Fieldof Production Safety——Based on the Understanding and Reflection of Paragraph 2,Article 74 of the Production Safety Law

2021年修改的《安全生产法》第七十四条第二款为检察机关办理安全生产领域公益诉讼案件提供了直接法律依据,但亦存在诸多争议,其中之一在于“重大”究竟是立案标准还是起诉条件。对此,结合公益诉讼制度之初衷和安全生产领域公益诉讼的特殊功能定位来看,对这一条文的理解主要有三个方面。第一,检察机关在办理安全生产领域公益诉讼时要坚持先行后民原则,优先办理行政公益诉讼案件。当行政措施难以有效消除重大事故隐患时,应当及时启动民事公益诉讼。第二,在行政公益诉讼中,“重大”是起诉条件,而非立案标准。第三,在民事公益诉讼中,“重大”既是立案标准亦是起诉条件。

The second paragraph of article 74 of the Production Safety Law amended in 2021 providing a direct legal basis forprocuratorates to handle public interest litigation cases in the field of production safety.However,there are a lot ofcontroversies about its application,one of which is whether the “major” is a standard of filing a case or a conditionfor prosecution.Based on the original intention of the public interest litigation system and the special functionalpositioning of public interest litigation in the field of safety production,this article is understood mainly in thefollowing three aspects:firstly,when handling public interest litigation in the field of safety production,theprocuratorates should adhere to the principle of “administrative case first,civil case second” and give priority tohandling administrative public interest litigation cases.When administrative measures are difficult to effectivelyeliminate the safety hazards of major accidents,civil public interest litigation should be initiated in a timelymanner;secondly,in the administrative public interest litigation,the “major” is a condition for prosecution rather thana standard for filing a case;thirdly,in civil public interest litigation,“major” is both the standard for filing a case andthe condition for filing a lawsuit.