天山北坡经济带城乡聚落格局变化与影响因素分析

Analysis on Changes and Influencing Factors of Urban and Rural Settlements in North Slope Economic Belt of Tianshan Mountains

以天山北坡经济带城乡聚落为研究对象,采用景观格局指数、地理信息系统(GIS)空间分析、位序-规模法等分析1980-2020年间城乡聚落格局的变化,结合地理探测器从自然、区位及社会经济因素探究城乡聚落格局的影响因素。结果表明:1980-2020年间,城乡聚落数量、规模持续扩张且趋于集聚,前20 a扩张以耕地、草地为主,后20 a以未利用地为主;城乡聚落密度变化显著,高密度区主要集中在各绿洲呈现“多核集中分布”特征,中密度区沿高密度区周围扩张,低密度区沿绿洲边缘分布并在非绿洲区有扩张;首位聚落规模发展较好,趋于位序-规模曲线,中型聚落略微发育,小型聚落数量持续减少;交通等区位因素是天山北坡城乡聚落格局的首位影响因素,社会经济因素次之,自然地理因素影响较小,各影响因素差异显著。

Taking the urban and rural settlements of the north slope economic belt of Tianshan Mountains as the research object,the changes of urban and rural settlement pattern during 1980-2020 are analyzed by using landscape pattern index,geographic information system(GIS)spatial analysis and ranking-scale method,and the influencing factors of urban and rural agglomeration pattern are explored from the nature,location and socio-economic factors using geographical detectors.The results show that the number and scale of urban and rural settlements have continued to expand and tend to gather during 1980-2020.In the first 20 years,the expansion is mainly cultivated land and grassland,and in the second 20 years,the expansion is mainly unused land.The density of urban and rural settlements changes significantly.The high-density areas mainly concentrate in the oases showing the characteristics of“multi-core concentrated distribution”,the medium density areas expand along the high-density areas,and the low density areas distribute along the edge of the oasis and expand in the non-oasis areas.The scale of the first settlement has developed well,tending towards a ranking-scale curve,medium sized settlements have slightly developed,while the number of small settlements continues to decrease.The location factors such as traffic are the first influencing factors of urban and rural settlement pattern in the north slope of Tianshan Mountains,followed by socio-economic factors,and the influence of natural geographical factors is relatively small.The differences in various influencing factors are significant.