公元4—6世纪新疆克孜尔石窟与山西云冈石窟壁画中矿物颜料的对比分析

Comparative Analysis of Mineral Pigments in the Murals of Kizil Grottoes in Xinjiang and Yungang Grottoes in Shanxi Province during the 4^(th)-6^(th) Century AD

公元4—6世纪,西域与中原地区文化交流频繁,其中佛教文化自西向东的传播使新疆克孜尔石窟和山西云冈石窟相继进入建造的繁盛时期。本文基于历史文献及现有考古研究成果,对此时期西域与中原地区的历史背景和文化交融进行分析,例举克孜尔和云冈石窟中具有代表性的壁画中出现的矿物颜料种类,并将两地的壁画颜料层、地仗层和表现形式等方面进行对比,且讨论了青金石和天青石的使用情况。我们发现这两座石窟虽然具有较为相似的历史框架和开凿背景,但又因为各自地域文化的巨大差别而演变出不同的创作风格,是西域至中原、中原至西域文化交融的载体,具有一定的对比研究价值。

During the 4 th-6 th century AD,there were frequent cultural exchanges between the Western Regions and the Central Plains,among which the spread of Buddhist culture from west to east made Kizil Grottoes in Xinjiang and Yungang Grottoes in Shanxi successively entered a prosperous period of construction.Based on historical documents and existing archaeological research results,this study analyzed the historical background and cultural blending between the Western Regions and the Central Plains during this period,enumerated the types of mineral pigments appearing in the representative murals in Kizil and Yungang Grottoes,compared the mural pigment layer,ground battle layer and expression form between the two places,and discussed the use of lapis lazuli and celestite.The study found that although these two grottoes have similar historical framework and excavation background,they have evolved different creative styles because of the great differences in their respective regional cultures.They are the carriers of cultural blending from the Western Regions to the Central Plains and from the Central Plains to the Western Regions,and have certain comparative research value.