深海科学实验装备发展研究

Advances in Deep-Sea Scientific Experiment Equipment

深海孕育了世界上最大的生态系统,对深海相关演变规律的深刻认知将支撑人类社会的可持续发展;深海极端环境条件决定了开展原位实验作业非常困难,也对深海科学实验装备提出了苛刻的要求。本文从深海科学实验研究的视角出发,按照深海试验装备及试验场、深海原位探测与实验装备、深海环境模拟实验装备的主要划分,系统梳理了国内外深海科学实验装备的发展态势和面临的问题。我国在深海科学实验装备领域已形成了一批自主研发的装备技术,推动了深海科学研究进步,部分优势方向已跻身国际先进水平;但在高精尖装备及其关键核心技术方面未能构建成熟的产业链,导致部分装备发展受限、一些技术薄弱环节凸显。需要加强顶层谋划、协调技术攻关,建立激励机制、推动创新转化,建设示范平台、形成标准体系,突破传感技术、加快国产进程,加强国际合作、提升创新能力,以深海科学实验装备高质量发展推动深海科学研究和海洋强国建设。

The deep sea fuels the world’s largest ecosystem,and a deep knowledge of its relevant evolutionary patterns can support the sustainable development of human society.It is difficult to carry out in-situ experiments under the extreme environmental conditions in the deep sea,which puts forward harsh requirements for the development of deep-sea scientific experiment equipment.This study summarizes the development status and problems regarding deep-sea scientific experiment equipment in China and abroad from the aspects of deep-sea test equipment and test sites,deep-sea in-situ exploration and experiment equipment,and experimental equipment for deep-sea environment simulation.China has independently developed a serial of equipment and technologies in the field of deep-sea scientific experiment equipment,and some of its advantageous directions have reached the international advanced level,which has promoted the progress of deep-sea scientific research.However,the country fails to build a mature industrial chain in terms of sophisticated equipment and associated key technologies,resulting in the restricted development of some equipment and prominent technological weaknesses.Therefore,we propose the following suggestions to promote deep-sea scientific research and the high-quality development of the deep-sea scientific experiment equipment:(1)strengthening top-level planning to coordinate technical research;(2)establishing incentive mechanisms to encourage innovation transformation;(3)building demonstration platforms and forming a standards system;(4)developing sensing technologies and accelerating the localization process;and(5)strengthening international cooperation to enhance innovation capacities.