海洋CO_(2)管道输送技术现状与展望

Current Status and Outlook of Offshore CO_(2) Pipeline Transportation Technologies

管道输送是经济高效的CO_(2)运输方式,海洋CO_(2)运输是离岸碳捕集、利用与封存(CCUS)产业链的关键环节和规模化开展离岸CCUS工程建设所需的核心技术。本文明晰了我国实施离岸CCUS的优势、典型海洋碳运输情境和海洋CO_(2)运输方式,剖析了国内外海洋CO_(2)管道输送的技术与工程概况;从CO_(2)流体相态及流动安全,沿程腐蚀风险评估、监测及预警,CO_(2)泄漏实时监测技术,高压CO_(2)泄放及对环境的影响等方面梳理了海洋CO_(2)管道输送工艺技术现状;从CO_(2)管道材料断裂行为及止裂措施、高耐蚀及密封材料、碳钢管道长寿命运行的关键腐蚀控制技术、注采井筒的腐蚀风险评估等方面梳理了海洋CO_(2)管道材料技术现状。研究认为,加快发展适应海洋CO_(2)管道输送复杂工况的材料体系、全流程CO_(2)管道的智慧管理与数字孪生技术、海底CO_(2)管道全生命周期运行关键技术、在役海底管道改输评估与保障技术,采取加快推动我国近海碳封存CO_(2)管网规划、拓展和深化跨行业/跨机构合作模式创新、系统建设海陆统筹的标准体系、引导专业化技术服务企业深度参与海底CO_(2)管网建设等举措,促进我国海洋CO_(2)管道输送体系高质量建设。

Pipeline transportation is an economical and effective way for transferring carbon dioxide(CO_(2))to the sea,serving as a key procedure for an offshore carbon capture,utilization and sequestration(CCUS)project,as well as a core technology for the large-scale construction of CCUS projects in China.This study clarifies the advantages of China in the construction of offshore CCUS projects,typical offshore carbon pipeline scenarios,and typical offshore CO_(2) transportation modes.It also reviews the technologies and projects in China and abroad regarding offshore CO_(2) transportation via pipelines.The current technologies relevant to offshore CO_(2) pipeline transportation are systematically reviewed.Specifically,the process technologies include CO_(2) fluid state analysis and flow assurance;corrosion evaluation,monitoring,and early warning;real-time monitoring of pipe leakage;and release of high-pressure CO_(2) and its environmental impacts.The material technologies include the fracture of pipeline materials and its mitigation,high corrosion-resistant and sealing materials,key corrosion-control techniques for the long-term operation of pipelines,and corrosion risk evaluation of CO_(2) injection wells.Further efforts should focus on the following aspects:material selection systems for the complex conditions during offshore CO_(2) pipeline transportation,full-chain intelligent management and digital twin technologies for CO_(2) pipelines,key technologies regarding the whole life-time operation of subsea CO_(2) pipelines,and evaluation and assurance techniques for the transferred transportation pipelines.Furthermore,the following suggestions are proposed to promote the high-quality development of the offshore CO_(2) pipeline transportation system in China:(1)promoting the planning of offshore CO_(2) pipeline networks,(2)expanding interdisciplinary innovations,(3)establishing standards systems that applicable to both onshore and offshore scenarios,and(4)encouraging the participation of diversified technology service enterprises.