成就与不足:澳大利亚殖民地时期农业发展研究

The Achievements and Shortcomings of Agricultural Development in Colonial Australia

1788至1901年的110余年间是澳大利亚历史上的“殖民地时期”。经过百余年的发展,澳大利亚农业实现了从无到有的质的飞跃,取得了“养羊业的大跃进式发展”“一大批农业精英的涌现”“资本主义农业的成形”等方面成就,对当世和后世的经济社会、文化生活和科学技术等各个领域产生了积极影响。但同时也不可避免地暴露出一些缺点和不足,如“对原生植被的破坏”“对引进物种影响的忽视”。人们在引进物种的同时也较易忽视绵羊、兔子、狐狸等外来物种对本土物种及环境带来的不利影响,很多危害在不经意间已然酿成且不容易根除。

The colonial period in Australian history starts from 1788 and ends in 1901.After more than one hundred years of development,Australian agriculture makes a qualitative stride.and makes some achievements:the stride of the wool industry,the appearance of agriculture elites,the formation of capitalized agriculture,and the like.Agriculture has positive influences on Australia with respect to social economy,cultural life,scientific technology and so on.However,there are still some negative ones,like the damage to the original forest and the ignorance of the possible influences of the introduced species,such as sheep,rabbit and fox,which may do serious and irreparable damage to local animals and the environment.