恩施土家族苗族自治州药食两用植物调查研究

Investigation into Edible Medicinal Plants in Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture

目的:为湖北省恩施土家族苗族自治州药食两用野生植物资源的保护和利用提供参考。方法:采用野外调查、问卷调查、关键人物访谈、文献查阅和编目等多种方法相结合对恩施土家族苗族自治州药食两用植物资源进行调查研究。结果:本次调研收集整理的药食两用植物共有47科、87属、106种,优势科、属分别为蔷薇科和悬钩子属,以多年生草本植物占绝对优势;在科的植物区系组成上以世界广布和泛热带分布地理成分为主,在属的植物区系组成上以北温带分布及其变型地理成分为主;国家级保护物种10种,进入IUCN极危、近危和易危名录的有6种;在食用价值上以野菜、野果和茶饮类为主,食用部位以茎、叶和果为主,食用方式则以炒、鲜食和泡酒为主;在药用及保健功效上以清热解毒和止痛为主。结论:湖北恩施药食两用野生植物资源较为丰富,药用及保健功效与武陵山区潮湿多雨的气候特点相适应,建议在保护好少数濒危物种的基础上加大开发。

Objective:To provide a reference for the protection and utilization of wild plant resources in Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture,Hubei Province.Methods:Field survey,questionnaire survey,key person interview,literature review,and cataloging were combined to investigate the edible medicinal plants in Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture.Results:There were 47 families,87 genera,and 106 species,with the dominant family and genera being Rosaceae and Rubus,respectively.Perennial herbs were absolutely dominant.The geographical components of the worldwide and pan-tropical distribution were dominant in the flora composition of the plant family,while the geographical component of the north temperate zone distribution and its variability was dominant in the flora composition of the plant genus.There were ten nationally protected species,and six species had entered the IUCN list of extreme,near,and vulnerable risks.In terms of edible value,wild vegetables,wild fruits,and tea drinks were dominant,with edible parts mainly being fruits,leaves,and stems.The common ways of consumption were frying,serving raw and stewing.Medicinal and health care efficacy focused on heat removal,detoxification and pain relief.Conclusion:Enshi in Hubei Province was rich in edible medicinal plant resources adapted to the humid and rainy climate characteristics of the Wuling Mountain area.It was recommended to increase development efforts while ensuring the protection of endangered species.