中医肠脑同治理论与神经影像学视角下的精神分裂症肠脑轴

Gut-Brain Axis of Schizophrenia from the Perspective of TCM Gut-Brain Co-Treatment Theory and Neuroimaging

精神分裂症是一种复杂的精神疾病,其发病机制尚未完全阐明。近年来,肠道微生物群与大脑之间的双向互动,即“肠脑轴”引起了广泛关注。中医学“肠脑同治”理论与肠脑轴概念相似,强调肠道与大脑的相互作用及其对健康的影响。本文综述了肠脑轴的基本概念、中医肠脑同治理论的内涵,同时探讨了神经影像学技术在揭示肠道菌群与大脑结构、功能相关性方面的研究成果。综合分析表明,精神分裂症患者的肠道菌群组成异常,且与大脑结构和功能密切相关。肠道微生物群可能通过免疫、神经、内分泌等多种途径参与精神分裂症的发病过程。中医药治疗精神分裂症的优势在于调节肠道菌群、修复肠脑轴紊乱,进而缓解精神症状。深入挖掘中医肠脑同治理论的内涵,借助神经影像学等现代技术,有望为精神分裂症的诊断、治疗带来新的突破。

Schizophrenia is a complex mental disorder with incompletely elucidated pathogenesis.In recent years,the bidirectional interaction between the gut microbiota and the brain,known as the“gut-brain axis,”has attracted a lot of attention.Gut-brain co-treatment theory in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)bears resemblance to the concept of gut-brain axis in Western medicine,which emphasizes gut-brain interaction and its impact on health.This article reviews the fundamental concepts of the gut-brain axis,the connotations of gut-brain co-treatment theory in TCM,and at the same time,explores the research results of neuroimaging techniques in revealing the correlation between gut microbiota and brain structure and function.Comprehensive analysis indicates that schizophrenia patients exhibit aberrant gut microbial composition,which is closely associated with brain structure and function.Gut microbiota may participate in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia through multiple pathways,including immune,neural,and endocrine mechanisms.The advantage of TCM in treating schizophrenia lies in its ability to modulate gut microbiota,restore gut-brain axis dysbiosis,and consequently alleviate psychiatric symptoms.In the future,delving into the connotations of the TCM gut-brain co-treatment theory and leveraging modern technologies such as neuroimaging may bring new breakthroughs in the diagnosis and treatment of schizophrenia.