不同使用环境下被服系统的动态热湿舒适性

Dynamic thermal and moisture comfort of the bedding system in different conditions

为动态评价被服系统的热湿舒适性能,采用出汗暖体假人测试系统模拟人体睡眠时代谢产热,建立了一种表征被服动态热湿舒适性的客观测试方法,测量出汗暖体假人平均皮肤温度、被内温度、被内湿度3个指标;并在不同环境条件下,以不同种类的被子产品为代表,对被服系统的热湿舒适性进行比较分析。结果表明:睡眠时假人平均皮肤温度与被子的热阻密切相关,同时高温环境下被子透气性对平均皮肤温度也产生一定的影响;被内温度与假人平均皮肤温度变化趋势一致,二者均可以用于评价被服的热舒适性;被内湿度与被子的透气性、面料结构等有关;纱布被因其良好的透气性而在多种环境条件下具有较好的舒适性。研究结果提供了评价被服系统热湿舒适性的有效方法,并为不同睡眠环境中被子产品的选择提供参考。

Thermal environment is an important factor affecting people's sleep quality,including the external environment and microclimate of the bedding system.Among them,the microclimate of the bedding system has a more significant impact on sleep thermal comfort.In order to evaluate thermal and moisture comfort of quilts,a subjective evaluation method by sweating thermal manikin was developed.A subjective evaluation method based on the metabolic heat production sweating of a thermal manikin was established.There are six quilt samples in different materials.The newly developed evaluation method was used to evaluating these samples in four environmental conditions constructed by climate chamber.Three indices including sweating thermal manikins' mean skin temperature,internal air temperature and relative humidity of quilts' microclimate were measured.The comfort property of quilt samples in different conditions was analyzed and compared.The thermal manikin's mean skin temperature changed over time.The thermal manikin's mean skin temperature was within comfortable range when covered by all four types of quilts in summer air-conditioned room.At the end of the test,the thermal manikin's mean skin temperature was steady when it was covered by gauze quilts,silk quilts and padded gauze quilts,indicating that these three types of quilts were more appropriate for this environmental condition.Under the condition of summer high temperature,the thermal manikin's mean skin temperature was within a comfortable range only when it was covered by gauze quilts.In winter heated room,the mean skin temperature was comfortable when it was covered by cotton quilts and chemical fiber quilts,ending up in 31.6 ℃.The chemical fiber quilt was the most suitable one for season alternating condition.It was also found that the thermal manikin's mean skin temperature was higher when it was covered by quilt samples of higher thermal insulation.As for internal air temperature of quilts' microclimate,its change trend was similar to that of the thermal manikin's mean skin temperature.The value difference between internal air temperature of quilts' microclimate and the thermal manikin's mean skin temperature was bigger environmental temperature was lower.The internal relative humidity of quilts' microclimate also changed over time.It was around comfortable range for all samples in summer air-conditioned room and winter heated room,and out of comfortable range in summer high-temperature condition and seasons alternating condition.Under all of the four test environmental conditions,internal relative humidity of quilts' microclimate is lowest when the thermal manikin was covered by gauze quilt,which was related to air permeability of quilt samples.The sweating thermal manikin's mean skin temperature during sleep varies with different quilts samples and environmental conditions.It is closely related to the thermal insulation of quilts and also affected by the air permeability of quilts under a high temperature condition.The change trend between internal air temperature of quilts' microclimate and the thermal manikin's mean skin temperature is similar in same condition,demonstrating that both indices can characterize thermal property of quilts.Internal relative humidity of quilts' microclimate is relative to air permeability and fabric structure.The thermal and moisture comfort of quilts is related to their thermal insulation and air permeability.Gauze quilts perform good thermal and moisture comfort property in several conditions because of their good air permeability.