噻苯隆复配植物生长延缓剂对棉花生长发育和产量的影响

Effects of Thidiazuron Compounded with Plant Growth Retardant on Cotton Growth,Development and Yield

为探究叶面喷施噻苯隆复配不同植物生长延缓剂对棉花生长发育和产量的调控效应,于2022年7—10月在新疆沙雅县海楼镇团结村进行大田试验,新陆中84号为供试棉花品种,以0.1%噻苯隆为主,分别复配缩节胺(W1)、调环酸钙(W2)、烯效唑(W3)、氟节胺(W4),以清水为CK,采用随机区组试验设计,在棉花化学打顶前后各喷施一次,分析其对棉花农艺性状、干物质积累与分配、叶面积指数、SPAD值和产量的影响。结果表明,各处理中W3处理各项调查指标总体最优。具体表现如下:吐絮期,W3处理棉花株高、株宽、第3果枝长、第7果枝长、叶枝长较CK分别降低1.23%、3.14%、10.96%、11.72%、18.92%;施药后30 d,SPAD值和蕾铃的干物质积累量较CK分别增加2.05%和9.98%,生殖器官干物质占比较CK提升7.61%,叶面积指数较CK提高10.85%;单株铃数较CK增加11.28%,籽棉产量较CK增加11.23%。综上,在化学打顶前后各喷施一次0.1%噻苯隆450 mL/hm^(2)+5%烯效唑75 g/hm^(2)能够抑制棉花无限生长,提高棉花叶面积指数和叶片SPAD值,促进棉株生殖生长,提高单株铃数,从而显著提高棉花产量。

To explore the regulatory effects of foliar application of thidiazuron in combination with different plant growth retardants on the growth,development,and yield of cotton,a field experiment was conducted from July to October 2022 in Tuanjie Village,Hailou Town,Shaya County,Xinjiang.Xinluzhong 84 was chosen as the test cotton variety.Thidiazuron at 0.1%concentration was used as the main agent,combined with chlormequat chloride(W1),calcium prohexadione(W2),uniconazole(W3),and flurprimidol(W4),with water serving as the control group(CK).A randomized block design was employed,with a spray application before and after chemical topping,to analyze their effects on cotton agronomic traits,dry matter accumulation and distribution,leaf area index,SPAD value,and yield.The results showed that the W3 treatment performed the best across all measured indices.Specifically,at the boll opening stage,compared to CK,plant height,plant width,the length of the 3rd fruiting branch,the length of the 7th fruiting branch,and leaf branch length in the W3 treatment decreased by 1.23%,3.14%,10.96%,11.72%,and 18.92%,respectively;at 30 days after treatment,the SPAD value and the dry matter accumulation of buds and bolls increased by 2.05%and 9.98%,respectively,the proportion of dry matter in reproductive organs increased by 7.61%,and the leaf area index increased by 10.85%compared to CK;the number of bolls per plant and seed cotton yield increased by 11.28%and 11.23%,respectively,compared to CK.In conclusion,application of 0.1%thidiazuron 450 mL/ha+5%uniconazole 75 g/ha before and after chemical topping can effectively suppress cotton indefinite growth,enhance leaf area index and leaf SPAD value,promote reproductive growth in cotton plants,increase the number of bolls per plant,and significantly increase cotton yield.