微塑料的老化技术、特征及其毒性效应研究进展

Research progress on aging technology,characteristics and toxic effects of microplastics

环境中的微塑料通常会受到紫外辐照、热辐射、化学氧化、生物降解等环境因素的影响,进而经历光老化、热老化、化学老化、生物老化等过程,并且其物理化学性质均发生一定程度的改变.环境中微塑料的自然老化过程需要很长的时间,极大限制了对老化微塑料的研究.本文综述了微塑料的实验室加速老化技术,包括紫外老化、化学老化和生物降解等技术,阐述了老化后微塑料的表面形貌与官能团的变化及对吸附污染物的影响,并总结了老化微塑料对生物的发育毒性、生殖毒性、神经毒性和氧化应激等效应.本文旨在使人们更了解微塑料实验室加速老化技术及其对生物的潜在风险效应.

Microplastics(MPs)in the environment are usually affected by environmental factors such as ultraviolet radiation,thermal radiation,chemical oxidation,and biodegradation,and then undergo processes of photoaging,thermal aging,chemical aging,or biological aging.These processes potentially change the physicochemical properties of MPs to some extent.However,the natural aging process of MPs in the environment takes a long time,which greatly restricts the understanding of aging MPs.This paper reviewed the different laboratory-accelerated aging technologies of MPs,including UV aging,chemical aging,and biodegradation,and expounded on the changes in the surface characteristics,functional groups,and their effects on adsorbed pollutants of MPs after aging.We further summarized the effects of aging MPs on developmental toxicity,reproductive toxicity,neurotoxicity,and oxidative stress.This paper aims to provide a better understanding of MPs laboratory accelerated aging techniques and their potential risk effects on organisms.