象征的规划:景观社会的生产与城市开发

Sport Popular Culture and Identity,1998:95-112.Symbolic Planning:Spectacle Society Construction and Urban Development

从德波提出的“景观社会”出发,讨论“规划脱节”现象——现实的空间建设未达成规划的目标或不符合规划的内容。研究认为,规划并不是单一地指向空间的实施,它还能打造景观社会,即生产全社会对于未来发展与增长的共识;打造景观社会能够使城市开发顺利进行,但也容易造成空间开发与规划内容的相互分离。以B镇的个案为例,阐述政府、开发商等行动者利用规划的时空特性生产新城意象和制造景观社会。新城景观带来了村民对于增长的欲望、塑造了他们的城市化观念和区域意识,进而激发其对城市空间的投资和消费。对规划作为城市开发的技术工具进行反思。

From the view of society of spectacle,the"unimplemented planning"is considered as a type of discrepancy between reality and plan that is different from widely observed over-development.Unimplemented planning illustrates that planning is not directly oriented towards implementation.And it has a symbolic meaning of future development and growth.In the case of B Town,actors such as officials and developers took advantage of the spatial and temporal dimensions of planning to convey the impression of a new city and to create a society of the spectacle,reinforcing the society′s confidence in the new city′s future with statistics.The society of spectacle is presented in the form of the planning text,renderings and symbolic buildings,overturning villagers′perception and value of the city and countryside,so as to have an urbanized way of life,a regional awareness and a desire for growth.This has led to a smooth resolution of land disputes in the development process,and further stimulated the real estate investment and consumption.In conclusion,the article is to reconsider the planning as a technical tool of urban development.