孕妇孕晚期生殖道B群链球菌感染的现状及危险因素研究

The Current Status and Risk Factors of Genital Tract Group B Streptococcus Infection in Pregnant Women During Late Pregnancy

目的分析孕妇孕晚期生殖道B群链球菌(GBS)感染的现状及相关危险因素。方法选取2021年3月至2023年1月257例于本院完成产检孕晚期孕妇,均接受生殖道GBS检查,依据是否发生生殖道GBS感染,分为GBS感染组与无GBS感染组,收集并比较两组临床资料,使用Logistic回归分析模型分析生殖道GBS感染相关危险因素。结果257例孕晚期孕妇中,48例(18.68%)检查为GBS感染,分离菌株中包含β溶血菌株45株(93.75%),非β溶血菌株3株(6.25%);GBS感染组年龄≥35岁、妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)、妊娠期高血压(HDCP)、妊娠期肥胖、孕期阴道炎孕妇占比显著高于无GBS感染组(P<0.05);Logistic回归分析显示,≥35岁、GDM、妊娠期肥胖、孕期阴道炎为孕晚期生殖道GBS感染危险因素(P<0.05)。结论孕妇孕晚期存在较高生殖道GBS感染风险,主要危险因素包括≥35岁、GDM、妊娠期肥胖、孕期阴道炎等,临床应重点关注该类群体,采取针对性干预措施,以降低GBS感染风险。

Objective To analyze the current status and risk factors of genital tract group B Streptococcus(GBS)infection in pregnant women during late pregnancy.Methods 257 pregnant women in late pregnancy who completed prenatal examinations in the hospital from March,2021 to January,2023 were selected for the study.They were divided into the GBS infection group and non-GBS infection group based on whether they had genital tract GBS infection.Clinical data of these two groups were collected and compared.Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the risk factors for genital tract GBS infection.Results Among study subjects,48(18.68%)women were diagnosed with GBS infection.The isolated strains included 45(93.75%)strains ofβhemolytic bacteria and 3(6.25%)strains of non-βhemolytic bacteria.The proportions of pregnant women aged 35 or older,pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM),hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy(HDCP),gestational obesity and gestational vaginitis in the GBS infection group were significantly higher than those in the non-GBS infection group(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis indicated that age≥35 years,GDM,gestational obesity and gestational vaginitis were risk factors for GBS infection during late pregnancy(P<0.05).Conclusion Pregnant women have a higher risk of genital tract GBS infection during late pregnancy.The risk factors mainly include age≥35 years,GDM,gestational obesity and gestational vaginitis.In clinical practice,special attentions should be paid to this group and targeted intervention measures should be taken to reduce the risk of GBS infection.