查尔斯·范·海斯的大学服务观及其影响

On Charles R.Van Hise’s Ideas of University Service and His Influence

20世纪初,在美国拉福莱特州政府进步改革的要求下,威斯康星大学校长查尔斯·范·海斯整合巴斯科姆教育哲学观和钱柏林、亚当斯大学服务实践,提出了多层次、多类型大学服务观,包括政治服务观、社会服务观和文化服务观。其中政治服务观是其核心,社会服务观和文化服务观地位次之。在范·海斯大学服务观形成过程中,钱柏林和亚当斯大学服务实践相比巴斯科姆教育哲学观的影响更为深刻。范·海斯在威斯康星大学以推动组建大学推广部和农业教育与农业推广系作为服务职能确立的起点,并在其支持和推动下,将服务职能先后于一战前和20世纪20年代初在威斯康星大学和美国高等教育领域确立下来,使服务职能成为与教学和科研并立的第三重大学职能。

Drawing from Bascom’s educational philosophy and the university service practices of Thomas Chamberlin and Charles K.Adams,President Charles R.Van Hise developed a comprehensive framework for university service,including political,social,and cultural service,to meet the demands of progressive reforms under the Robert M.La Follette Government in the early 20th century.Central to his ideas were the political service perspective,followed by the social and cultural service viewpoints.Van Hise’s construction of university service ideas was notably influenced by Chamberlin and Adams’practices rather than Bascom’s philosophy.His advocacy for social service led to the establishment of the University Extension Division and the Department of Agricultural Education and Agricultural Extension,marking the inception of the service function at the University of Wisconsin.By the early 1920s,the function of university service had been firmly established at the University of Wisconsin and across higher education in the United States,becoming a third essential function alongside teaching and scientific research.