形质与体用:对朱子理气哲学研究之省察

Form-Quality and Body-Function:A Reflection on the Study of Zhu Zi’s Philosophy of Li Qi

近年来,港台新儒家心性论研究逐渐式微,港台学者开始逐渐重视东亚儒学思想中的反理学思潮即“气学”思想。但事实上,宋代儒学创立伊始,关于“气”“气禀”“气质”“气质之性”的讨论就占有半壁江山的地位。通过考察冯友兰、钱穆、牟宗三、张东荪、唐君毅、陈来、杨儒宾、杨立华等学者对宋明理学尤其是朱子理气哲学的研究,可知理解朱子的理气关系尤其是其气论,不能停留在形质论的层面,而应该深入到体用论的层面。

In recent years,the study of new Confucianism’s theory of mind and nature in Hong Kong and Taiwan has gradually declined,and scholars there have begun to attach importance to the“anti-rationalism trend of thought”in East Asian Confucianism,that is the“qi theory”.But in fact,at the beginning of the establishment of Confucianism in the Song Dynasty,discussions about“qi”,“qi bing”,“qi zhi”,and“qi zhi zhi xing”occupied half of the debate.Through investigating the research of Feng Youlan,Qian Mu,Mou Zongsan,Zhang Dongsun,Tang Junyi,Chen Lai,Yang Rubin,Yang Lihua and other scholars on Neo-Confucianism of Song and Ming Dynasties,especially Zhu Xi’s philosophy of li and qi,this article points out that the understanding Zhu Xi’s theory of the relationship between li and qi,especially his theory of qi,should not stay at the level of form and quality,but should go deep into the level of body and function.