国家治理视域下边疆民族地区治理的要素、目标与机制

Governance of Frontier Minority Areas from the Perspective of National Governance:Elements,Target and Mechanism

边疆民族地区治理在本质上是一类较为特殊的系统型地方治理,其特殊性表征为国家治理与地方治理的复合性、特定的民族事务治理与一般性地方事务治理的交叉性、全球治理与区域治理的融汇性。由于边疆民族地区治理的特殊性、单一制国家结构形式、政府职责配置等中央与地方关系等各种原因,使得边疆民族地区治理存在着显著的国家治理要素,包括治理理念层面中央顶层设计与地方性知识相互融入,治理结构层面中央权责配置与地方权责配置相互协调,治理过程层面中央决策领导与地方执行实施相互结合。边疆民族地区治理需兼顾地方性治理目标和国家性治理目标的“五维双层结构式”目标,涵括政治维度上维护边疆稳定与国家安全、社会维度上深化民族和谐与社会整合、经济维度上推动兴边富民与区域协调、文化维度上实现文化交融与文化自信、生态维度上建设生态屏障与美丽中国。在国家治理视域下,应通过完善分工协同机制、信息共享机制、资源分配机制和纠偏监督机制,不断协调优化国家治理与边疆民族地区治理的关系,推动边疆民族地区治理走向现代化。

In essence,the governance of frontier minority areas is a special kind of system-based local governance,which is characterized by the combination of national governance and local governance,the intersection of specific ethnic affairs governance and general local affairs governance and the intersection of global governance and regional governance.Reasons for central-local relations including the particularity of governance of frontier minority areas,the form of state structure as a unitary system and the configuration of government responsibility make the governance of frontier minority areas have prominent national governance factors,including in governance idea level central top design and local knowledge integrate into each other,in governance structure level the allocation of central powers and responsibilities is coordinated with local governments and in governance process level central decision-making leadership and local implementation are integrated.The governance of frontier minority areas needs both local governance goals and national governance goals of“five-dimensional and double structural”goals,including political dimension to maintain frontier stability and national security,social dimension to deepen inter-ethnic harmony and social integration,economic dimension to promote prospering frontier areas and enriching the inhabitants and regional coordination,cultural dimension to realize cultural blend and cultural confidence and ecological dimension to construct ecological barrier and beautiful China.From the perspective of national governance,by improving the cooperation based on division of labour mechanism,information sharing mechanism,resource distribution mechanism and deviation correction and supervision mechanism,the relationship between national governance and the governance of frontier minority areas can be continuously coordinated and optimized,to promote the modernization of the governance of frontier minority areas.