超高层建筑施工中起火预测及火灾模拟与人员疏散

Fire Prediction,Fire Simulation and Personnel Evacuation during the Construction of Super High-rise Buildings

超高层施工中起火因素多,火灾危害较大,疏散风险较高。为研究超高层施工中火灾发生情况与对应情况下的人员疏散问题,以招平商务中心项目施工现场为例,采用神经网络对火灾的起火材料进行预测,通过火灾动力学模拟工具进行火灾模拟仿真,得到火灾烟气与温度的模拟数据,并在此基础上考虑恐慌和施工环境影响,对施工现场人员利用Pathfinder进行疏散研究。结果表明:该案例最可能的起火材料为保温材料,火灾时影响疏散的因素主要为温度与能见度,疏散者受恐慌情绪、火灾和施工环境影响后,疏散时间由324 s变为419 s。

During super high-rise construction,there are many fire-starting factors with higher fire hazards and higher evacuation risks.In order to study the occurrence of fire in super high-rise construction and the evacuation in the corresponding situation,taking the construction site of the Zhaoping Business Centre project as an example,the neural network was used to predict the fire-starting materials of the fire.The fire simulation was carried out to get the simulation data of the fire smoke and the temperature by fire dynamics simulator(FDS).Taking fire,panic and the construction environment into account,the evacuation of construction workers was studied by Pathfinder.The results show that the most probable fire-starting material in this case is insulation.The main factors affecting evacuation during fire are temperature and visibility.The evacuation time of evacuees changes from 324 s to 419 s after being affected by panic,fire and construction environment.