生姜、干姜、炮姜的性效考证及其化学成分、药理活性的研究进展

Research Progress of Medicinal Properties and Efficacy,Chemical Composition and Pharmacological Activity of Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens,Zingiberis Rhizoma and Zingiberis Rhizoma Praeparatum

生姜为姜科植物姜的新鲜根茎,属于药食两用品,作为中药首次收载于《神农本草经》,而汉·张仲景《金匮要略》最早记载了生姜在中医临床中的应用。干姜、炮姜分别是生姜经干燥加工和砂烫后的炮制品,三者在临床上被广泛使用,但在药物属性和作用特点上却有所不同。基于不同历史时期的不同医家对三者的性效和应用的记载并不完全一致,该文从古籍本草考证、现代化学成分和药理作用等方面对生姜、干姜、炮姜(三姜)进行了总结,以系统地综述三姜的性效源流及现代研究进展,明确其临床应用范畴,为三姜性效的深入研究提供参考,亦为中医临床合理用药提供个性化参考。

Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens is the fresh rhizome of Zingiber officinale Rose..It has dual-use as sources of medicine and food.Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens was first published in“Shennong’s Classic of the Materia Medica”as a Chinese medicinal,while the earliest record of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)clinic application of Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens was found in“The Synopsis of Golden Chamber”,which was written by ZHANG Zhongjing in Han Dynasty.Zingiberis Rhizoma and Zingiberis Rhizoma Praeparatum are the processed products of Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens after dry-processing and sand-blanching,respectively.These three Chinese medicinals are widely used in clinical practice,but they are different in terms of drug properties and action characteristics.Based on the fact that the records of different medical practitioners in different historical periods on the properties and applications of the three are not entirely consistent,this paper intends to review Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens,Zingiberis Rhizoma and Zingiberis Rhizoma Praeparatum(three different medicinal types of Zingiber officinale Rose.)from the aspects of ancient herbal textual research,modern chemical compositions and pharmacological effects.The aim of this paper is to systematically collate the origin of medicinal properties and effects of three different medicinal types of Zingiber officinale Rose.and its modern research progress,to clarify its clinical application scope,to provide theoretical references for further in-depth research on the properties and effects of three different medicinal types of Zingiber officinale Rose.,and to provide personalised references for the rational use of medicines in TCM clinics.