多种代谢物与巨噬细胞极性调节研究进展

Research progress on multiple metabolites and macrophage polarity regulation

巨噬细胞是最重要的一类固有免疫细胞,功能多样性和极化可塑性是其重要特征。从极化角度,巨噬细胞可大致分为具有杀伤病原体和肿瘤细胞,并具有较强促炎因子生成能力的M1型;或以表达抑炎因子、促进组织修复和血管生成为主要特征的M2型。并且,巨噬细胞能够根据生理变化或疾病演进过程主动调节自身信号,使其向不同方向极化或重塑,从而趋向形成不同功能和不同表型的巨噬细胞。代谢物是最重要的基本生理病理活动特征的外部因素之一,然而生理变化或疾病演进过程中,代谢物对巨噬细胞极性重塑的影响还有待归纳总结。因此,本综述以外泌代谢物或外泄的胞内代谢物为切入点,系统地总结不同代谢物对巨噬细胞极化的影响和作用机制,并梳理出多种疾病病理微环境存在的代谢物变化对巨噬细胞极化的影响及其对疾病进展的作用,旨在从多因素、多维度角度探讨细胞代谢物、巨噬细胞极化信号和疾病发生之间的联系。

Macrophages are the most important type of innate immune cells,functional diversity and polarization plasticity are two of its important characteristics.Base on the perspective of polarization,macrophages are generally divided into two subgroups:M1 pro-inflammatory cells that kill pathogens and tumor cells,and M2 anti-inflammatory cells that promote tissue repair and angiogenesis.In addition,macrophages can actively adjust their own signals according to physiological changes or disease progression to polarize or reshape them in different directions,thereby tending to form macrophages with different functions and different phenotypes.Metabolites are one of the most important basic physiological and pathological activity characteristics and external factors.However,influence of metabolites on the polarity remodeling of macrophages during physiological changes or disease progression remains to be summarized.Therefore,as an entry point for exocrine metabolites or intracellular leakage metabolites,this review systematically summarizes the effects of different metabolites on polarization of macrophages and their mechanism of action.Sort out the effects of metabolite changes in pathological microenvironment of various diseases on the polarization of macrophages and their effects on disease progression,aiming to explore the relationship between cell metabolites,macrophage polarization signals and the occurrence of diseases from a multi-factor and multi-dimensional perspective.