阴道微生态和细菌性阴道病与宫颈人乳头瘤病毒感染的研究现状

Research Status of Vaginal Microecology,Bacterial Vaginosis and Cervical Human Papillomavirus Infection

阴道微生态在女性的生殖健康中发挥着重要的作用,其失调或变化会导致各种妇科疾病的发生。当阴道菌群中乳杆菌含量减少、加德纳菌含量增加时,会导致细菌性阴道病的发生。宫颈高危型人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)的持续感染是诱发宫颈病变,尤其是宫颈癌的重要因素,已有研究证实阴道微生态的变化和细菌性阴道病与HPV的获得和持久感染相关。因此,明确HPV感染和阴道微生态的关系可为预防与HPV感染相关的疾病提供新的理念。目前,以“益生菌和益生菌相关制剂调节阴道微生物”的理念为恢复正常阴道微生态提供了新的研究理念。本文以阴道微生态为出发点,论证了阴道菌群的改变与细菌性阴道病的因果关联,围绕阴道菌群、解剖结构、内分泌变化和局部免疫4个方面与HPV感染之间的相关性做一综述,意在为防治与HPV感染相关的疾病提供新的理念。

Vaginal microecology plays an important role in women's reproductive health,and its imbalance or change can lead to the occurrence of various gynecological diseases.When the content of Lactobacillus in the vaginal flora decreases and the content of Gardnerella increases,bacterial vaginosis will occur.Persistent infection of cervical high-risk human papillomavirus(HPV)is an important factor in inducing cervical lesions,especially cervical cancer.Studies have confirmed that changes in vaginal microecology and bacterial vaginosis are associated with HPV acquisition and persistent infection.Therefore,clarifying the relationship between HPV infection and vaginal microecology can provide new ideas for the prevention of diseases related to HPV infection.At present,the concept of"probiotics and probiotics-related preparations regulating vaginal microorganisms"provides a new research concept for restoring normal vaginal microecology.Based on the vaginal microecology,this paper demonstrates the causal relationship between the changes of vaginal flora and bacterial vaginosis,and reviews the correlation between vaginal flora,anatomical structure,endocrine changes and local immunity and HPV infection,aiming to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of diseases related to HPV infection.