豫东地区芝麻籽粒品质与产量对气候生态条件的响应

Response of Sesame Seed Quality and Yield to Climatic and Ecological Conditions in Eastern Henan Province

研究旨在探究豫东地区的气候生态因子对芝麻籽粒品质和产量的影响,并确定主导气象因子,为提高豫东地区芝麻产量和品质提供参考依据。以商芝189和商芝156为试验材料,设置5个不同的播期,采取随机区组设计,测定不同播期条件下,不同的日照时数、降雨量、日均温度和有效积温对芝麻产量和品质的影响。研究结果表明:(1)不同年份、不同播期对两个芝麻品种的产量产生显著影响,年份与播期互作对2个品种的产量影响非常显著,随着播期的推迟,两个品种的产量都呈现先上升后下降的趋势,S2播期时,芝麻产量最高,此外,不同气象因子对芝麻产量影响也有所不同,对产量影响最大的气象因子为有效积温。(2)播期不同,两个品种的籽粒品质也差异显著。S2播期时,芝麻的籽粒蛋白含量最高,脂肪含量与播期的关系没有明显规律。(3)品种间,气象因子对芝麻籽粒品质的影响基本一致,对商芝189蛋白、脂肪含量影响最大的气象因子分别为有效积温和平均温度,商芝156籽粒品质对气象因子的响应与商芝189基本一致。(4)播期是影响豫东地区芝麻产量和品质的关键,豫东地区的最适播期在5月20日左右,此时播种能最大地提高芝麻的产量,实现高产优质的目标,气象因子对芝麻品种的影响大于品种本身的影响。

The objective of this study is to explore the correlation between sesame quality,yield and climate ecological factors in eastern Henan Province.The goal is to determine the key meteorological factors affecting sesame seed quality and yield.The aim is to serve as a reference for high yield and quality production of sesame in eastern Henan Province.Shangzhi 189 and Shangzhi 156 were used as materials,an experiment was conducted using randomized block with three repetitions.Five different sowing dates(S1:10 May,S2:20 May,S3:30 May,S4:9 June and S5:19 June)were set to assess the yield and quality of sesame under different sowing dates.Relationship between these factors were investigated using regression analysis method and grey relational analysis method.The results showed that effects of different years and sowing dates on the yield of the two sesame varieties were significant.Regarding the interaction effect of sowing date and growing seasons,the Shangzhi 189 and Shangzhi 156 were significant differences(P<0.05,P<0.01,respectively).Yield variation of two varieties firstly increased then decreased with the postponement of sowing date,The yield of sesame was the highest in S2 sowing period.The variation in contents of fat and protein increased firstly then decreased with the postponement of sowing date,average contents of protein and fat starch from S2 were the highest than those from other periods.In conclusion,the suitable sowing dates are a key factor for yield and quality development.This is because it helps prevent heat damage during anthesis and ensures sufficient rainfall during the mature period.Based on above analysis,it can be seen that the most suitable sowing dates in eastern Henan are late May and early June.Sowing date plays an important role in yield and quality development of sesame than the variety chosen.