中药渣肥配施多种类肥及菌剂对马铃薯生长、产量及品质的影响

Effects of Combined Application of Chinese Medicine Dregs Fertilizer with Various Kinds of Fertilizers and Microbial Agents on Growth,Yield and Quality of Potatoes

为了减少化肥用量,增加马铃薯产量,促进中药渣的科学利用,本文在榆林设置了5个处理的田间试验,调查了马铃薯的生长指标,测定了马铃薯产量和品质。结果表明:化肥基肥减量10%配施中药渣肥、复合微生物肥及菌剂处理(N5)显著增加马铃薯地下茎及匍匐茎的长度、薯块数、商品果产量、块茎还原糖和淀粉含量,显著降低了马铃薯次果产量,相较对照,N5处理马铃薯匍匐茎、薯块数和商品果产量分别增加223.28%、99.40%和49.83%,次果产量降低55.47%。综上,N5有利于马铃薯匍匐茎的生长、增加块茎数目、促进次果向商品果转变,是实现中药渣肥料化利用、化肥减施及马铃薯产量与品质改善的较优施肥技术方案。

In order to reduce the use of chemical fertilizer,increase yield of potato,and promote the scientific utilization of the residue of traditional Chinese medicine,a field experiment comprising five treatments was conducted in Yulin.The study involved the investigation of the growth indexes for potatoes and the determination of both potato yield and quality.The results showed that the treatment including 10%reduction of chemical base fertilizer,Chinese medicine dregs fertilizer,compound microbial fertilizer,and microbial agent treatment(N5)significantly increased the length of rhizome and stolon,the number of tubers,the yield of commercial fruit,the content of reducing sugar and starch in tubers.However,it markedly reduced the yield of inferior potato fruit.Compared with the control treatment,the stolon,tuber number and commercial fruit yield of N5 increased by 223.28%,99.40%and 49.83%,respectively,but the inferior fruit yield decreased by 55.47%.In conclusion,N5 has demonstrated positive effects on the growth of stolons,tuber proliferation,and the conversion of substandard fruits into marketable ones.Therefore,N5 proves to be a viable solution for an improved fertilization technology scheme,realizing the the utilization of Chinese medicine residue fertilizer,the reduction of fertilizer application and the improvement of potato yield and quality.