基于AMESim的叉车液压提升系统仿真分析

Simulation Analysis of Forklift Hydraulic Lifting System Based on AMESim

为了解决电动叉车货叉持重时液压缸回缩速度过快而产生较大冲击,容易损伤缸体和管路以及货叉持重量不同时液压缸伸出速度不可控的问题,优化了电动叉车液压提升系统,并进行仿真验证。根据设计手册设计液压提升系统,初选系统工作压力为16 MPa,在液压泵的出油路上连接蓄能器来吸收流量脉动,在液压缸无杆腔进油路配置调速阀,实现了对不同持重量的压力补偿,使抬升速度可控,在无杆腔回油路上配置顺序阀,为液压缸活塞杆在承载回缩时提供给背压,避免活塞杆自由下落损伤液压缸;对液压元件进行了设计选型,选用CBG2100-BF100液压泵、HSGL-100/70E-231-3000×3280液压缸、3WE10E31B/CG24N9Z4电磁换向阀、RVP30-10B单向阀、DBDS30P10B顺序阀和THF-G10调速阀;应用功率键和图的原理对液压系统进行研究,使用数字仿真法研究液压系统的动态特性,通过仿真软件AMESim搭建液压系统数学模型,并对设置关键元件参数进行仿真。仿真结果表明,优化后液压系统的液压缸活塞杆完全缩回用时8 s,无振荡,运行稳定,液压缸活塞杆缩回时油口流量为87 L/min,液压泵产生的流量脉动被蓄能器吸收,系统运行稳定,符合设计要求,液压提升系统理论上可行、可靠。

In order to solve the problem that the hydraulic cylinder retracting speed is too fast when the fork of electric forklift truck is carrying the weight,which is prone to damage the cylinder block and pipeline and the fork holding weight is different,the hydraulic cylinder extending speed is not controllable,the hydraulic lifting system of electric forklift truck is optimized,and simulation verification is carried out.The hydraulic lifting system is designed according to the design manual.The working pressure of the primary system is 16MPa.The accumulator is parallel to absorb the flow pulsation on the outlet circuit of the hydraulic pump.The speed regulating valve is configured on the rodless chamber inlet circuit of the hydraulic cylinder to realize the pressure compensation for different weights and make the lifting speed controllable.The hydraulic cylinder piston rod provides back pressure when the load is retracted to avoid the piston rod free fall damage to the hydraulic cylinder;The hydraulic components are designed and selected.Choose CBG2100-BF100 hydraulic pump and HSGL-100/70E-231-3000×3280 hydraulic cylinder,3WE10E31B/CG24N9Z4 electromagnetic reversing valve and RVP30-10B check valve,DBDS30P10B sequence valve,THF-G10 speed regulating valve;The hydraulic system is studied by the principle of power key and graph,and the dynamic characteristics of the hydraulic system are studied by digital simulation.The mathematical model of the hydraulic system is built by the simulation software AMESim,and the parameters of key components are simulated.The simulation results show that it takes 8 s for the cylinder piston rod of the optimized hydraulic system to fully retract without oscillation,and the operation is stable.The oil port flow rate of the cylinder piston rod is 87 L/min when the cylinder piston rod is retracted,and the flow pulsation generated by the hydraulic pump is absorbed by the accumulator.The system runs stably and meets the design requirements,and the hydraulic lifting system is theoretically feasible and reliable.