基于健康信念模式的健康教育在消化道早癌筛查中的应用效果

Clinical Efficacy of Health Education Based on Health Belief Model in Early Gastrointestinal Cancer Screening

目的探讨基于健康信念模式的健康教育在消化道早癌筛查中的应用效果。方法选取87例消化道早癌高危筛查患者,随机分为观察组(n=43)和对照组(n=44)。对照组接受常规的健康教育,观察组应用基于健康信念模式的健康教育,比较2组患者的筛查依从性,干预前后疾病知识掌握情况(包括消化道早癌相关知识、健康行为、筛查相关知识及心理疏导评分)、自我管理能力[自我管理能力测评量表(AHSMSRS)评分]、自护能力[自我护理能力量表(ESCA)评分]、健康行为[健康促进生活方式量表(HPLP-Ⅱ)评分]、负性情绪状况[焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分],护理满意度[纽卡斯尔护理服务满意度量表(NSNS)评分]。结果干预后,观察组疾病知识掌握情况各项评分、HPLP-Ⅱ、AHSMSRS和ESCA评分均高于对照组,SAS和SDS评分均低于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.001)。观察组总筛查依从率和总护理满意率均高于对照组(97.67%比81.82%,P<0.05;97.67%比79.55%,P<0.001)。结论将基于健康信念模式的健康教育应用于消化道早癌筛查患者中,能促进患者健康行为的养成,提高患者自护能力、筛查依从性,改善患者负性情绪状况。

Objective To explore clinical efficacy of health education based on health belief model in early gastrointestinal cancer screening.Methods A total of 87 patients with high-risk screening for early gastrointestinal cancer were selected and randomly divided into the observation group(n=43)and the control group(n=44).The control group were managed with conventional health education,whereas the observation group was given health education based on health belief model;screening compliance of patients,disease knowledgebefore and after the intervention,self-management ability[Self-Management Skills Measurement Rating Scale(AHSMSRS)scores],self-care ability[Self-Care Competency Scale(ESCA)scores],health behaviors[Health Promoting Lifestyles Scale(HPLP-II)scores],negative mood states[Self-Anxiety Scale(SAS)and Self-Depression Scale(SDS)scores],and satisfaction with care[Newcastle Nursing Services Satisfaction Scale(NSNS)scores]were comparedbetween the 2 groups.Results After the intervention,all scores of disease knowledge,HPLP-II,AHSMSRS and ESCA scores were higher in the observation group than in the control group;SAS and SDS scores were lower than in the control group(P<0.05 or P<0.001).The total screening compliance rate and total care satisfaction rate were higher in the observation group than in the control group(97.67%vs 81.82%,P<0.05;97.67%vs 79.55%,P<0.001).Conclusion Our findings suggest that health education based on health belief model in early gastrointestinal cancer screeningmight promote patients’medical compliance and health behaviors,improve patients’self-care ability and screening compliance,and alleviate patients’negative emotions.