《医学衷中参西录》药物炮制撷英

Selected Essence of Drug Processing in Records of Chinese Medicine with Reference to Western Medicine

张锡纯《医学衷中参西录》中有关药物炮制的内容非常丰富,在药物的净制方面,主要有麻黄去节、桂枝去皮、蜈蚣去头、竹茹的入药部位等;在药物的切制方面,主要有茯苓切片、用隔纸焙代替植物叶片使乳香、没药去油、五味子捣碎、石类药物轧细等;在矿物药炮制方面,主要有石膏、代赭石、赤石脂均宜用生品不需煅制,朱砂人工合成者不宜入药,并列举了玄明粉与黑锡丹的制作方法;动物药的炮制方面,龙骨、牡蛎、石决明、水蛭、全蝎均主张用生品,并列举了血余炭的制作方法;毒性药物的炮制方面,主要有鸦胆子不可使皮破并宜装入龙眼肉中吞服,市售半夏要漂去矾味并阐述了制作半夏的方法,拟定了马钱子新的减毒增效炮制方法;药物炒炭方面,除血余炭外,鲜用炒炭药物;药物发酵方面,认为麦芽虽为脾胃之药,而实善舒肝气;酒曲调气破癥的作用较神曲强,但是神曲性更平和,更适于健胃消食。

There are rich contents on drug processing in Zhang Xichun′s Records of Chinese Medicine with Reference to Western Medi⁃cine.In terms of drug purification,there are mainly the removal of knots from Mahuang(Herba Ephedrae),the peeling of bark from Guizhi(Ramulus Cinnamomi),the removal of heads from Wugong(Scolopendra),and the parts of Zhuru(Caulis Bambusae in Taenia)used in medicine.In terms of drug cutting,there are mainly sliced Fuling(Poria),replacing plant leaves with paper⁃lined baking to re⁃move oil from Ruxiang(Olibanum)and Moyao(Myrrha),crushing Wuweizi(Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis),grinding stone⁃type medicines into fine powder,etc.In terms of mineral drugs,there are mainly Shigao(Gypsum Fibrosum),Daizheshi(Haematitum),and Chishizhi(Halloysitum Rubrum),which are all suitable for using raw materials without calcining.The artificially synthesized Zhusha(Cinnabaris)is not suitable for use in medicine,and the methods of making Xuanmingfen(Natrii Sulfas Exsiccatus)and Galenite Elix⁃ir are listed.In terms of processing animal drugs,it is advocated that Longgu(Os Draconis),Muli(Concha Ostreae),Shijueming(Con⁃cha Haliotidis),Shuizhi(Hirudo)and Quanxie(Scorpio)should be used in their raw forms,and the method of making Xuetutan(Cri⁃nis Carbonisatus)is listed.In terms of the method of preparing toxic drugs,the main points are that the skin of Yadanzi(Fructus Bruceae)should not be broken and it should be taken after being put into Longyanrou(Arillus Longan);the commercial product of Banxia(Rhizoma Pinelliae)should be rinsed to remove the alum flavor.The method of preparing Banxia is also described,and a new method of reducing toxicity and increasing efficacy in the preparation of Maqianzi(Semen Strychni)is proposed.In terms of stir⁃baking drugs to charcoal,except for Xuetutan(Crinis Carbonisatus),the other drugs stir⁃baked to charcoal are rarely used.Regarding the fermentation of drugs,it is believed that Maiya(Fructus Hordei Germinatus),although it is a drug for the spleen and stomach,is actually good at re⁃lieving liver qi;the role of Jiuqu(Semen Oryzae Germinatum)in regulating qi and breaking masses is stronger than that of Shenqu(Massa Fermentata Medicinalis),which has a more even temperament and is better suited for promoting digestion and relieving indiges⁃tion,so both are different kinds of drugs.