聚磷酸铵阻燃应用研究进展

Research progress of flame retardant application of ammonium poly⁃phosphate

聚磷酸铵(APP)凭借其无毒、无卤、抑烟、阻燃效果好、环境友好等特点,被广泛应用于聚丙烯、聚氨酯、环氧树脂等聚合物阻燃领域。然而,APP存在吸湿性强、添加量高、分散性差、与聚合物相容性差等缺点,限制了其进一步发展。针对上述问题,对聚磷酸铵的阻燃机理及应用进行了系统综述,并总结了相关的解决方法。首先简单介绍了APP的物化性质及阻燃机理;然后梳理了近年来国内外APP阻燃剂的研究进展,详细介绍了单独阻燃、复配阻燃、微胶囊化包覆、化学改性和纳米复配等不同阻燃方式的阻燃效果,并归纳总结了不同阻燃方式的优缺点;最后讨论了APP在聚合物阻燃研究中存在的主要问题,并展望了其未来的发展方向。

Ammonium polyphosphate(APP)is widely used in polypropylene,polyurethane,epoxy and other polymers in the field of flame retardant because of its non-toxic,halogen free,smoke suppression,flame retardant effect and environmental friendliness.However,strong moisture absorption,high addition amount,poor dispersibility and limited compatibility with polymers are the drawbacks that hinder the further development of APP.In view of the above problems,the flame retardant mechanism and application of ammonium polyphosphate was systematically reviewed,and the relevant solutions were sum-marized.Firstly,The physical and chemical properties and flame retardant mechanism of APP were briefly introduces.Sec-ondly,the research progress of APP flame retardants at home and abroad in recent years was reviewed,and the flame retar-dancy effects of different flame retardants such as single flame retardancy,com-pound flame retardancy,microencapsulated coating,chemical modification and nano compound flame retardancy were introduced in detail,and the advantages and dis-advantages of different flame retardancy methods were summarized.Finally,the APP exist problems in the research of poly-mer flame retardant were discussed,and its development direction in the future was prospected.