模板法制备多孔超疏水SiO_(2)/PDMS海绵及油水分离应用

Preparation of porous superhydrophobic SiO_(2)/PDMS sponge by template method and application of oil water separation

以水玻璃为硅源,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了超疏水二氧化硅(SiO_(2))气凝胶,将超疏水SiO_(2)气凝胶与聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)均匀混合,并引入蔗糖和葡萄糖作为模板制备了超疏水SiO_(2)/PDMS海绵。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)等对其微观形貌和成分进行表征;利用接触角测量仪表征其润湿性能。同时,以油水混合物为模型污染物,研究了SiO_(2)气凝胶掺量及糖的比例对海绵吸附性能的影响。结果表明:制备的SiO_(2)/PDMS海绵具有超疏水亲油性,水接触角(WCA)高达152.1°,且在模拟油水吸附实验中具有良好的去除效果;对植物油和泵油的去除率分别为98%和95%,且经过20次的重复油水分离实验后,SiO_(2)/PDMS海绵的吸附容量和接触角均未发生明显变化,仍具有较好的疏水性能。

Superhydrophobic SiO_(2) aerogel was prepared by sol-gel method using water glass as silicon source.The superhy-drophobic SiO_(2) aerogel gel was uniformly mixed with polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS),sucrose and glucose were introduced as templates to prepare superhydrophobic SiO_(2)/PDMS sponge.The microstructure and composition were characterized by scan-ning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),etc.Its wetting performance was characterized by contact angle measuring instrument.With oil-water mixture as model pollutant,the ef-fects of SiO_(2) aerogel content and sugar proportion on adsorption properties of sponge were studied.The results showed that the SiO_(2)/PDMS sponge had superhydrophobic and lipophilic properties,with a water contact angle(WCA)of 152.1°.It re-vealed good removal effect in simulated oil-water adsorption experiments,with removal rate of 98%and 95%for vegetable oil and pump oil,respectively.After oil-water separation experiments repeated for 20 times,adsorption capacity and contact angle of SiO_(2)/PDMS sponge did not change significantly,and still showed good hydrophobic performance.