聚变装置真空系统远程泄漏检测方法研究

Research on Remote Leakage Detection Method of Vacuum System of Fusion Devices

磁约束核聚变装置真空室具有体积较大,法兰连接和焊接结构多,内部水冷管道较长等特点。在热应力、电磁力以及中子辐照的共同作用下,真空室存在较大的泄漏风险。未来的托卡马克装置将涉及氚运行工况,考虑到核辐射对人体的影响,传统的真空室泄漏检测方法在氚运行工况下已不再适用。提出了基于真空羽流效应的托卡马克真空室内部泄漏检测方法和基于分子屏差分作用的托卡马克管道泄漏检测方法,分别用于托卡马克真空室内部水冷管道泄漏和外部窗口管道泄漏的检测和定位。实验结果表明,二者能够准确地检测出真空室内部水冷管道发生的泄漏和真空室连接的外部窗口管道发生的泄漏,并可以实现较为精确的定位,为未来涉及氚运行工况的托卡马克装置的检漏提供了新的方案。

The vacuum chamber of the magnetic confinement nuclear fusion device has a large volume,many flanged and welded structures,and long internal water cooling pipes.Under the combined action of thermal stress,electromagnetic force and neutron irradiation,the vacuum chamber has a great risk of leakage.Considering the influence of nuclear radiation on human body,the traditional leak detection method in vacuum chamber is no longer applicable in tritium operation condition.The leakage detection method of Tokamak vacuum chamber based on vacuum plume effect and the leakage detection method of Tokamak pipes based on molecular screen difference were proposed,which are used to detect and locate the leakage of water-cooled pipes in Tokamak vacuum chamber and the leakage of pipes in external window,respectively.The experimental results showed that the two methods can accurately detect the leakage of the water-cooled pipes in the vacuum chamber and the leakage of the external window pipes connected to the vacuum chamber,and can realize a more accurate location,which provides a new scheme for the leakage detection of Tokamak involving tritium operation in the future.