巴尔鲁克山国家级自然保护区的朽木生地衣群落结构特征及其多样性

The Structural Characteristics and Diversity of the Saprophytic Lichen Communities on Barluk Mountain National Nature Reserve

根据对新疆巴尔鲁克山国家级自然保护区朽木生地衣群落18个样点(20 m×20 m)调查的数据,以各地衣种的盖度为指标结合双向指示种分析方法(TWINSPAN)和除趋势对应分析法(DCA),对保护区朽木生地衣群落进行数量分类并分析了群落结构特征及其多样性和相似性。采用典范对应分析法(CCA)对各群落的物种分布格局与环境因子的关系进行了探讨。结果表明:TWINSPAN分析和DCA排序将分布在巴尔鲁克山自然保护区的20种朽木生地衣分为以下4个群落。群落1——矮石蕊(Cladonia humilis(With.)J.R.Laundon)+犬地卷(Peltigera aphthosa(L.)Willd.)群落;群落2——喇叭粉石蕊(Cladonia chlorophaea(Floex Sommerf.)Spreng.)+土星猫耳衣(Leptogium saturninum(Dicks.)Nyl.)+枪石蕊(Cladonia coniocreae(Flk.)Spreng.)群落;群落3——平盘软地卷(Peltigera elisabethae Gyeln.)+犬地卷+多指地卷(Peltigera polydactyla(Neck.)Hoffm.)群落;群落4——膜地卷(Peltigera membranacea(Ach.)Nyl.)+喇叭粉石蕊+分指地卷(Peltigera didactyla(With.)J.R.Lound.)群落。物种多样性以群落2最大为3.478;群落1最小为2.716;群落2和群落4间的相似性最高为0.856,群落1和群落3相似性系数最低为0.434。朽木生地衣的分布与朽木树种具有专一性,分布在雪岭云杉上的地衣种类最多。CCA排序结果反映,该地区朽木生地衣的分布与森林植被郁闭度、光照强度、朽木腐蚀度的影响较大,而与朽木直径大小、朽木pH等因素的影响不大。

Based on the data collected from 18 sample plots(20 m×20 m)in the saprophytic lichen communities in the Barluk Mountain National Nature Reserve in Xinjiang,the lichen cover of each lichen species was used as an indicator to quantitative classify and analyze the community structure,diversity,and similarity of the lichen community using the Two-Way Indicator Species Analysis(TWINSPAN)and Detrended Correspondence Analysis(DCA)methods.Canonical Correspondence Analysis(CCA)was used to explore the relationship between the distribution pattern of species in each community and environmental factors.The results showed that TWINSPAN analysis and DCA ordination classified the 20 saprophytic lichen species in the Barluk Mountain Nature Reserve into 4 communities.Community 1:Cladonia humilis(With.)J.R.Laundon+Peltigera aphthosa(L.)Willd.Community 2:Cladonia chlorophaea(Fl rke ex Sommerf.)Spreng.+Leptogium saturninum(Dicks.)Nyl.+Cladonia coniocreae(Flk.)Spreng.Community 3:Peltigera elisabethae Gyeln.+Peltigera aphthosa(L.)Willd.Community 4:Peltigera membranacea(Ach.)Nyl.+Cladonia chlorophaea(Florke ex Sommerf.)Spreng.+Peltigera didactyla(With.)J.R.Lound.Species diversity was highest in Community 2 at 3.478 and lowest in Community 1 at 2.716.The highest similarity coefficient was 0.856 between Communities 2 and 4,while the lowest was 0.434 between Communities 1 and 3.The distribution of saprophytic lichens is specific to the saprophytic tree species,with the most lichen species found on Picea schrenkiana trees.The CCA ordination results indicated that the distribution of saprophytic lichens in the area is influenced by forest vegetation closure,light intensity,and saprophytic erosion,with less impact from factors such as saprophytic diameter and pH.