《民法典合同编通则解释》第三人缔约过失责任制度的创设与再发展

Creation and Redevelopment of the Liability Regime for Culpa in Contrahendo of the Third Party in Interpretation of the General Principles of Contract Compilation of the Civil Code

《民法典合同编通则解释》第5条第1句创造性地规定了第三人责任类型的缔约过失责任制度。在法律适用时,要结合《民法典》第500条,并准用《民法典》第509条,承认第三人也应当负有合同前的保护义务。第三人责任的成立以违反先合同义务为前提,第三人原则上承担信赖利益损害赔偿责任;在第三人欺诈的情况下,还可能承担惩罚性损害赔偿责任,并且在刑事追缴、退赔之外也可能承担民事损害赔偿责任。《民法典合同编通则解释》第5条第2句的但书规则,排除了非真正的缔约过失责任类型以及侵权责任属性的缔约过失责任类型,但在体系上仍保持一定的再发展的可能性,第5条第1句规定的第三欺诈人、胁迫人责任可以类推适用到“引发信赖、影响缔约”的第三人责任类型。

The first sentence of Article 5 of the Interpretation of the General Principles of Contract Compilation of the Civil Code creatively stipulates the liability regime for culpa in contrahendo of the third party.In the application of the rules,it is necessary to combine Article 500 of the Civil Code and to apply Article 509 of the Civil Code,recognizing that third parties should also bear the protection obligations before the contract is concluded.The establishment of third-party liability is based on the premise of violating contractual obligations,and the third party is generally responsible for compensation for damage to trust interests.In the case of the third-party's fraud,the third-party may also bear punitive damages liability,as well as civil damages liability in addition to criminal recovery and refund.The proviso rule in the second sentence of Article 5 of the Interpretation of the General Principles of Contract Compilation of the Civil Code excludes non-genuine types of culpa in contrahendo and culpa in contrahendo with tort liability attributes,but still maintains a certain degree of openness in the system.The liability of third fraudsters and coercers stipulated in the first sentence of Article 5 can be applied to third party liability types that“cause trust and affect the contracting”.