行政规范性文件备案审查中比例原则的适用

Application of the Principle of Proportionality in the Filing Review of Administrative Normative Documents

行政规范性文件备案审查是一种事后的合法性监督制度。作为方法论意义上的比例原则引入行政规范性文件备案审查,旨在改善行政规范性文件备案审查的方法,提升行政规范性文件备案审查的实效。适当性原则审查的核心是手段与目的关联性。关联性是指手段能够正向推进目的得以实现的单向关系。必要性原则审查的核心是手段与结果的关联性,最小损害是确定关联性的基本要素。均衡性原则审查的核心是手段与结果的合比例性,利益衡量是确定合比例性的基本方法。在行政规范性文件备案审查中,事实审查有助于提升行政规范性文件的“科学性”。对因紧急状态而制定的行政规范性文件进行备案审查,可以适度降低比例原则的要求。

The filing review of administrative normative documents is an Ex post facto legality supervision system.Firstly,from a methodological point of view,the introduction of the principle of proportionality in the filing review of administrative normative documents,is to improve the method of the filing review,and enhance the quality.The core element of the examination of the principle of appropriateness,is reviewing the relevance of the means to the purpose,which is a one-way relationship in which the means positively contribute to the realization of the purpose.The core element of the examination of the principle of necessity,is reviewing the relevance of the means to the results,and the minimization of harm is the essential element to determining relevance.The core element of the examination of the principle of proportionality,is reviewing the proportionality of the means to the results,and the weighing of interests is the basic method for determining proportionality.Secondly,in the filing review of administrative normative documents,factual review is helpful to make the administrative normative documents more scientific and reasonable.And finally,if an administrative normative document is formulated under the emergent situation,the requirement of the principle of proportionality in the filing review of this document could be moderately reduced.